introduction: citrus are one of the important orchard fruit production that after banana is second in production at the world level and every year, chemical fertilizers having most important role in increasing crops productions, but in long application of fertilizers cause soil destructions and polluting underground water. also soils of dry regions are very poor in organic matter level. nowaday...

In the present study Kluyveromyces marxianus isolated from paneer whey was employed for biomass production. Various parameters like pH, temperature and nitrogen source were optimized for maximum biomass yield. The biomass yield was studied to vary with different nitrogen sources, pH and temperature. Ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, beef extract and yeast extract were used as nitrogen source...

The present-day wastewater treatment practices can be significantly improved through the introduction of new microbial treatment technologies. Recently, several new processes for nitrogen removal have been developed. These new nitrogen removal technologies provide practicable options for treating nitrogen-laden wastewaters. The new processes are based on partial nitrification of ammonium to nit...

Papain is a proteolytic enzyme of great commercial value. It cysteine protease highly expressed in Carica papaya fruit latex, but also present leaves. Purification procedures mostly deal with the latex and include combination precipitation and/or chromatographic techniques. Due to its solubility, structure activity characteristics, pH salt content play significant roles handling papain extracts...

Chemically speciated concentrations of PM2.5 (sulphate, ammonium, nitrate, elemental and organic carbon) were simulated in south-west Europe using the three-dimensional air quality model CAMx driven by the MM5meteorological model. The inner domain covered the south-west region of Spain with a high spatial (2 km 2 km) and temporal resolution (1 h). The simulation results were evaluated against e...

The change in the refractive indices of salt solutions which results from the addition of 1 per cent of the “pseudoglobulins” of blood serum has been measured by Reiss.l His pseudoglobulins were prepared by fractional precipitation with ammoniun sulphate and purified by prolonged dialysis. Fraction I (Pseudoglobulin I) was precipitated at 32-36 per cent saturation with ammonium sulphate, fracti...

Biological rapid sand filters are often used to remove ammonium from groundwater for drinking water supply. They often operate under dynamic substrate and hydraulic loading conditions, which can lead to increased levels of ammonium and nitrite in the effluent. To determine the maximum nitrification rates and safe operating windows of rapid sand filters, a pilot scale rapid sand filter was used ...