objective: aminoglycosides are highly potent, broad-spectrum antibiotics with many desirable properties for the treatment of life-threatening infections. escherichia coli (e. coli) is the most common cause of urinary tract infection (uti). antibiotic resistance has recently become prevalent. enzymatic inactivation of aminoglycosides by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes is the main mechanism of r...

Several strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, exhibiting characteristic resistance patterns to aminoglycoside antibiotics, were examined. The aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes from these strains were purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography, affinity chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. Three enzymes, a 3'-phosphotransferase III (molecular weight, 31...

Detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics by MS or HPLC is complicated, because a) carbohydrate molecules have low ionization ability in comparison with other organic molecules (particularly in MALDI-MS), and b) the lack of aromatics and/or amide bonds in the molecules makes common HPLC UV-detectors useless. Here, we report on the application of a previously developed method for amine derivatizat...

Patients with cancer and suspected sepsis were treated in a prospective, randomized trial with one of four cephalosporin-aminoglycoside combinations: cephalothin and tobramycin; cephalothin and gentamicin; cefamandole and tobramycin; or cefamandole and gentamicin. Carbenicillin was added if the absolute granulocyte count was less than 1,000/mm3. Of 199 patients receiving 20 to more doses of an ...

Historically, the incidence of gentamicin resistance in Campylobacter has been very low, but recent studies reported a high prevalence of gentamicin-resistant Campylobacter isolated from food-producing animals in China. The reason for the high prevalence was unknown and was addressed in this study. PCR screening identified aminoglycoside resistance genes aphA-3 and aphA-7 and the aadE-sat4-aphA...

The stabilization of the poly(dA) x 2poly(dT) triple helix by neomycin is reported. Preliminary results indicate that neomycin stabilizes DNA triple helices and the double helical structures composed of poly(dA) x poly(dT) are virtually unaffected. This is the first report of the interaction of aminoglycoside antibiotics with DNA triple helices.

Myosin VIIA is expressed by sensory hair cells and has a primary structure predicting a role in membrane trafficking and turnover, processes that may underlie the susceptibility of hair cells to aminoglycoside antibiotics. [3H]Gentamicin accumulation and the effects of aminoglycosides were therefore examined in cochlear cultures of mice with different missense mutations in the myosin VIIA gene,...

Pan-aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants expressing the mexXY components of the aminoglycoside-accommodating MexXY-OprM multidrug efflux system but lacking mutations in the mexZ gene encoding a repressor of this efflux system and in the mexXY promoter have been reported (S. Fraud and K. Poole, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55:1068-1074, 2011). Genome sequencing of one of thes...

OBJECTIVES Prevalences of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are increasing globally, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). The effect of selective digestive tract decontamination (SDD) on the eradication of cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from the intestinal tract is unknown. We quantified eradication rates of cephalosporin-resistant and cephalosporin-susceptible Entero...

The in vitro activity of enoxacin (CI 919, AT 2266), a new oral quinolone carboxylic acid compound, was compared with those of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, azlocillin, piperacillin, aztreonam, moxalactam, imipenem, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone against 101 aminoglycoside-susceptible and 105 aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Among these 206 P. aeruginosa i...