If amblyopia is defined as reduced visual acuity in an eye which appears normal on examination, then it is necessary to distinguish between several related, similar, or different conditions that fit this definition. Six years ago I proposed a classification of amblyopia in which the various factors leading to its development were enumerated in the light of our clinical knowledge at that time (v...

Background: Amblyopia is a reduction in visual acuity that often involves reduction in visual skills such as ocular motility and accommodation. Various treatment modalities for amblyopia include spectacle correction, patching, atropine, and optometric vision therapy (OVT). Clinically, OVT often reduces the severity of amblyopia. There is also considerable anecdotal evidence that improvement in ...

PURPOSE To compare macular thickness in children with functional amblyopia and those without amblyopia using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 93 children aged 3-10 years including 44 cases with unilateral amblyopia and 49 subjects without amblyopia. Amblyopic eyes were considered as the case group and their fellow eyes as internal controls; ...

BACKGROUND Amblyopia treatment is not standardised and differences between centres and countries have not been systematically investigated. This survey compares the different patterns of orthoptic treatment of amblyopia in the United Kingdom (UK) and three German speaking countries (GSC). METHODS Questionnaires were sent to orthoptists in the UK and the GSC asking for their preferred choices ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of early treatment for amblyopia in children. DESIGN Follow up of outcomes of treatment for amblyopia in a randomised controlled trial comparing intensive orthoptic screening at 8, 12, 18, 25, 31, and 37 months (intensive group) with orthoptic screening at 37 months only (control group). SETTING Avon, southwest England. PARTICIPANTS 3490 children who ...

In order to evaluate the influence of etiology of amblyopia and of age at onset of amblyopia on the resulting constellation of spatial vision deficits, resolution/vernier and recognition/resolution acuity ratios were measured in groups of children with either strabismic amblyopia or anisometropic amblyopia with known ages of onset. Strabismic amblyopia with infantile onset (<9 months) and strab...

PURPOSE. To determine the prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in young Singaporean Chinese children. METHODS. Enrolled in the study were 3009 Singaporean children, aged 6 to 72 months. All underwent complete eye examinations and cycloplegic refraction. Visual acuity (VA) was measured with a logMAR chart when possible and the Sheridan-Gardner test when not. Strabismus was defined as any manif...

It has been established that in amblyopia, information from the amblyopic eye (AME) is not combined with that from the fellow fixing eye (FFE) under conditions of binocular viewing. However, recent evidence suggests that mechanisms that combine information between the eyes are intact in amblyopia. The lack of binocular function is most likely due to the imbalanced inputs from the two eyes under...

If amblyopia is defined as reduced visual acuity in an eye which appears normal on examination, then it is necessary to distinguish between several related, similar, or different conditions that fit this definition. Six years ago I proposed a classification of amblyopia in which the various factors leading to its development were enumerated in the light of our clinical knowledge at that time (v...

Unilateral amblyopia is a visual disorder that arises after selective disruption of visual input to one eye during critical periods of development. In the clinic, amblyopia is understood as poor visual acuity in an eye that was deprived of pattern vision early in life. By its nature, however, amblyopia has an adverse effect on the development of a binocular visual system and the interactions be...