The natural history specimens of the world have been documented on paper labels, often physically attached to specimen itself. As we transcribe these data make them digital and more useful for analysis, interpretations. Sometimes interpretations are trivial, because label is unambiguous, but meaning not so clear, even if it easily read. One key element that suffers from considerable ambiguity p...

Morphing between face images that are expressing different emotions results in stimuli ambiguous terms of category membership. Within a categorical perception framework, the status these is questionable: they should either be uncategorizable as one parent or their ambiguity may mean categorized emotion other with low confidence. However, also unique signal emotional states distinct from based o...

We resolve an open problem raised by Ravikumar and Ibarra [SIAM J. Comput., 18 (1989), pp. 1263–1282] on the succinctness of representations relating to the types of ambiguity of finite automata. We show that there exists a family of nondeterministic finite automata {An} over a two-letter alphabet such that, for any positive integer n, An is exponentially ambiguous and has n states, whereas the...

We focus on a class of Multiple Prior Models. Those characterized by nonatomic countably additive priors. Preferences generating such representations have been recently axiomatized in [17]. We argue that this is the proper setting for comparing the notions of unambiguous event given by Epstein and Zhang in [7] and by Ghirardato, Maccheroni and Marinacci in [10]. The two definitions are known to...

Many decisions are made in environments where outcomes are determined by the realization of multiple random events. A decision maker may be uncertain how these events are related. We identify and experimentally substantiate behavior that intuitively re‡ects a lack of con…dence in their joint distribution. Our …ndings suggest a dimension of ambiguity which is di¤erent from that in the classical ...

This paper explores the relation between consistency of social cues and persuasion by an artificial agent. Including (minimal) social cues in Persuasive Technology (PT) increases the probability that people attribute human-like characteristics to that technology, which in turn can make that technology more persuasive (see e.g., Nass, Steuer, Tauber, & Reeder, 1993). PT in the social actor role ...

Previous research suggests that three-year-olds fail to learn from statistical data when their prior beliefs conflict with evidence. Are children’s beliefs entrenched in their folk theories, or can preschoolers rationally update their beliefs? Motivated by a Bayesian account, we conducted a training study to investigate this question. Children (45 months) who failed to endorse a statistically m...

We study the impact of foresight in a transboundary pollution game; i.e. the ability of a country to control its emissions taking into account the relationship between current emissions and future levels of pollution and thus on future damages. We show that when all countries are myopic, i.e., choose the ’laisser-faire’ policy, their payoffs are smaller than when all countries are farsighted, i...

In this paper we propose a technique to incorporate contextual information into object classification. In the real world there are cases where the identity of an object is ambiguous due to the noise in the measurements based on which the classification should be made. It is helpful to reduce the ambiguity by utilizing extra information referred to as context, which in our case is the identities...

Everyday communication is characterised by the common phenomenon of ambiguity (WinterFroemel and Zirker, 2010), which occurs when more than one meaning is associated with one item (Ziegler, 2010). Many spatial terms, for example, can be interpreted in different ways and are thus inherently ambiguous (Schober, 1993). In dialogue, speaker and addressee must agree on one of the potential interpret...