BACKGROUND Rugby union is a physically demanding, full-contact team sport that has gained worldwide popularity. The incidence of injury in rugby union has been widely reported in the literature. While comprehensive injury surveillance and prevention programmes have been implemented within the professional game, there is a need for similar strategies in the amateur game. Despite recent increases...

Hate speech in the form of racism and sexism is commonplace on the internet (Waseem and Hovy, 2016). For this reason, there has been both an academic and an industry interest in detection of hate speech. The volume of data to be reviewed for creating data sets encourages a use of crowd sourcing for the annotation efforts. In this paper, we provide an examination of the influence of annotator kn...

The verbal feedback given to junior soccer players potentially heading to a professional career is essential for technical and tactical skill development. The aim of this study is to examine whether differences exist in feedback between coaches of junior elite soccer teams and coaches of junior amateur soccer teams. The coaches of a junior elite soccer team and a junior amateur soccer team in N...

BACKGROUND In 2012, the South African Rugby Union (SARU) approved a new set of scrum laws for amateur rugby played in the country, to be implemented at the start of the 2013 rugby season. These law changes were primarily based on the relatively high proportion of scrum-related catastrophic injury data collected as part of the BokSmart National Rugby Safety Programme (BokSmart) over the precedin...

In this paper, we propose a method for assisting amateur writers in novel writing. Amateur writers can publish their work intensively through web infrastructures. This situation is beneficial, because it encourages amateur writers to enhance their skills by sharing their work. However, writing a good novel is difficult for a novice, because the novel-writing task requires the management of many...

AIM The objective of this study was to apply extended NO analysis for measurements of NO dynamics in the lung, divided into alveolar and airway contribution, in amateur runners and marathoners. METHODS The athletes participated in either a marathon or a half marathon. The athletes self-reported their age, weight, height, training distance per week, competing distance, cardio-pulmonary health,...

BACKGROUND High intensity intermittent aerobic exercise is an elementary endurance training exercise to build soccer endurance. Many studies exist with professional soccer players. But limited research has been conducted with amateur soccer players. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare and assess the effects of the shuttle-run method and the Hoff-track method on the ability to reco...