Research presented introduces a new approach for empirically investigating generative or inductive-like systems. Two versions of a generative model of the uppercase English alphabet are examined. The approach is both formal and interdisciplinary, applying techniques developed by psychophysics to a problem that is typically linguistic. Experimental results presented illustrate empirical methods ...

Different writing systems in the world select different units of spoken language for mapping. Do these writing system differences influence how first language (L1) literacy experiences affect cognitive processes in learning to read a second language (L2)? Two groups of college students who were learning to read English as a second language (ESL) were examined for their relative reliance on phon...

The effects of word frequency (WF) and syllable frequency (SF) are well-established phenomena in domain such as spoken production in alphabetic languages. Chinese, as a non-alphabetic language, presents unique lexical and phonological properties in speech production. For example, the proximate unit of phonological encoding is syllable in Chinese but segments in Dutch, French or English. The pre...

Writing at Ugarit has received a great deal of scholarly attention for the wide range languages and writing systems used, especially city’s distinctive alphabetic cuneiform script which accounts around half inscribed material from site. The vast majority rest is in Akkadian language logo-syllabic script. This written is, justifiably, usually seen as scribal, that stems state bureaucracy profess...

Air-writing is a modern human–computer interaction technology that allows participants to write words or letters with finger hand movements in free space simple and intuitive manner. recognition particular case of gesture which gestures can be matched characters digits the air. Air-written show extensive variations depending on various writing styles their speed articulation, presents quite dif...

Grids have been described in the design literature for at least 50 years. French architect Le Corbusier describes a grid system in his 1946 book Le Modulor [2]. Swiss graphic designer Karl Gerstner describes a number of grid systems or “programmes” in his 1964 book Designing Programmes [1]. One of Gerstner’s examples is a 15th century system for varying cathedral windows. Use of tatami mats app...

Previous studies found altered brain function in deaf individuals reading alphabetic orthographies. However, it is not known whether similar alterations of brain function are characteristic of non-alphabetic writing systems and whether alterations are specific to certain kinds of lexical tasks. Here we examined differences in brain activation between Chinese congenitally deaf individuals (CD) a...

Developmental dyslexia is a neurobiologically based disorder that affects approximately 5-17% of school children and is characterized by a severe impairment in reading skill acquisition. For readers of alphabetic (e.g., English) languages, recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that dyslexia is associated with weak reading-related activity in left temporoparietal and occipitotemporal reg...