The study objective was to determine whether sleep extension (a) improves alertness and performance during subsequent sleep restriction and (b) mediates the rate at which alertness and performance are restored by postrestriction recovery sleep. Twenty-four healthy adult participants (ages 18-39) were randomly assigned to an Extended [10 hours time in bed (TIB)] or Habitual [mean (SD) = 7.09 (0....

This paper presents a method for automatically selecting the optimal EEG rhythm/channel combination capable of classifying the different human alertness states. We considered four alertness states, namely ’engaged’, ’calm’, ’drowsy’, and ’asleep’. Energies associated with the conventional EEG rhythms, δ, θ, α, β and γ, extracted from overlapping segments of the different EEG channels were used ...

We report here that changes in the normalized electroencephalographic (EEG) cross-spectrum can be used in conjunction with feedforward neural networks to monitor changes in alertness of operators continuously and in near-real time. Previously, we have shown that EEG spectral amplitudes covary with changes in alertness as indexed by changes in behavioral error rate on an auditory detection task ...

Our study focuses on the impact of systematic entrepreneurship training comprising both active and passive learning activities on entrepreneurial alertness and efficacy among adolescent youth. Reports from a two-wave online survey among 328 students from five secondary schools (aged 13–16 years; 34.8% male and 65.2% female) reveal that those who went through entrepreneurship training (treatment...

and what to filter out. A warning cue prior to an event can be used to direct attention and improve performance when response to an imperative target is required. Various studies have suggested that warning cues may induce a change in alertness or modulate temporal anticipation of an upcoming event. The current literature presents similar effects for these two functions; hence, effects of a war...

The Circadian Alertness Simulator (CAS) was developed as a practical tool for assessing the risk of diminished alertness at work. Applications of CAS include assessment of operational fatigue risk, work schedule optimization, and fatigue-related accident investigation. Based on the documented work schedules of employees, sleep and alertness patterns are estimated and a cumulative fatigue score ...

BACKGROUND The default mode network (DMN) is closely associated with the maintenance of alertness and cognitive functions. This study aimed to observe the changes in DMN induced by increasing doses of propofol and progressively deepening sedation. METHODS Twelve healthy subjects were selected; they received target-controlled infusion of propofol (1.0 and 3.0 μg/mL of plasma) and underwent fun...

Two firms face market development uncertainty in a continuous-time investment model. They noncooperatively choose when to invest in a lumpy capacity before competing in the market stage. The combined impact on equilibrium outcomes of the firms’ relative ability to detect the new demand (or “alertness”, Kirzner (1973)) and of a persistent first-mover advantage is characterized. With perfect aler...

BACKGROUND The reliability of the subjective statements reports on disturbed night sleep and alertness in the daytime was assessed by their correlation to the objective indicators in patients with mild depression. METHOD Among patients with depression, altogether 28 patients with insomnia were examined. Their answers to typical questions, as they are used during a psychiatric interview, were ...

This study quantifies sex differences in the diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and waking while controlling for menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptive use. We compared the diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and alertness of 8 women studied during two phases of the menstrual cycle and 3 women studied during their midfollicular phase with that of 15 men. Participants underw...