Nanotechnology has been taking predominant steps in all the scientific background that focuses mainly in bringing out the solution for environmental and medicinal problems (Williams et al., 2008). The metallic nanoparticles copper, iron, gold and silver have been used as efficient carriers for imaging and medicinal diagnostics (Kaushik et al., 2010). Nanotechnology plays a major role in the hea...

The first concerns regarding potential toxicities of nanomaterials were raised almost 10 years ago, as fears that the small size of nanoparticles might allow them unique access to organisms, cells, cellular barriers and subcellular organelles with potentially harmful consequences resulting from quantum properties (Colvin 2003). Much has been learned in the intervening period, and indeed nanosaf...

Since the discovery of ruthenium as a catalyst for hydrogenation reactions, Ru catalysts have been widely used in the chemical, petrochemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries, and in energy-conversion technologies. The scope of homogeneous Ru catalysts has been well-illustrated recently. However, heterogeneous catalysts can be preferable from both industrial and environmental perspectives. ...

Molten salts are widely used to extract oxides and particulate phases from molten Al and protect Al from oxidization during molten aluminum alloys processing. It was reported that TiCN showed a reasonable stability in molten aluminum during solidification nanoprocessing of aluminum matrix nanocomposites. To further verify the TiCN stability in molten aluminum in molten salt, EDX and TEM were us...

Gold nanoparticles have attracted intense interest in materials and physical chemistry since the development of simple solution-phase methods for their synthesis and stabilization. The unique physical properties of gold nanoparticles have created a wide variety of potential applications including biological markers, DNA sensors, molecular recognition systems and nanoscale electronics. Encapsula...

Magnesium based metal matrix composites (MMCs) have been extensively studied as an attractive choice for automotive and aerospace applications due to their low density and superior specific properties including strength, stiffness and creep resistance. Xi et al [1] studied the Ti6Al-4V particulate (TAp) reinforced magnesium matrix composite which is fabricated by powder metallurgy route. The te...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate and compare the toxic effects of four types of metal oxide (ZnO, TiO(2), SiO(2,) and Al(2)O(3)) nanoparticles with similar primary size (∼20 nm) on human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL1) in vitro. METHODS The HFL1 cells were exposed to the nanoparticles, and toxic effects were analyzed by using MTT assay, cellular morphology observation and Hoechst 33 258...

Plasmonic nanoparticles located on the illuminated surface of a solar cell can perform the function of an antireflection layer, as well as a scattering layer, facilitating light-trapping. Al nanoparticles have recently been proposed to aid photocurrent enhancements in GaAs photodiodes in the wavelength region of 400-900 nm by mitigating any parasitic absorption losses. Because this spectral reg...

Semiconducting polymers have previously been used as the transduction material in X-ray dosimeters, but these devices have a rather low detection sensitivity because of the low X-ray attenuation efficiency of the organic active layer. Here, we demonstrate a way to overcome this limitation through the introduction of high density nanoparticles having a high atomic number (Z) to increase the X-ra...

The optical properties of metal nanoparticles are explored as a function of lateral size, shape, aspect-ratio and metal type. Simulations based on the discrete dipole approximation are compared with experimental measurements of arrays of metal nanoparticles fabricated by electron-beam lithography. Careful selection of experimental parameters ensures minimization of far-field and near-field coup...