Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is defined as (TB)infection of the tracheobronchial tract. Tracheal and bronchial involvement from TB infection was first reported by Morten in 1698. a form that difficult to diagnose because lesions are frequently undetectable sputum examination chest X-ray alone. present 10-40% active patients more than 90% cases accompanied stenosis various degrees. The main...

Subglottic stenosis (SGS), the narrowing of upper trachea, can be an acquired condition in pediatric patients. Presenting with varying degrees dyspnea and stridor, SGS is most commonly due to intubation. Airway often not considered a surgical complication, no literature on after endoscopic sinus surgery exists. We present unique case 13-year-old male juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), ...

Topical application of mitomycin C is best used as an adjunct in airway surgeries together with combination other modalities endoscopic techniques such excision, balloon dilatation and laser treatment treating subglottic stenosis. We present a case 12-year-old boy who acquired Cotton–Myer grade 3 stenosis 6 months post endotracheal intubation. The stenotic segment was treated cautery-assisted e...

Mild-to-moderate subglottic and tracheal stenosis can be effectively treated endoscopically, but safe airway management is a key concern. Options have included tracheotomy, jet ventilation, and intermittent apnea technique, each of which has limitations. This article presents the authors’ endoscopic surgical technique using laryngeal mask anesthesia during CO2 laser treatment of subglottic and ...

Laryngotracheal stenosis develops when scar tissue forms in the trachea and, rarely, in the larynx itself. Symptoms depend on the degree of airway obstruction and can range from asymptomatic to upper airway obstruction severe enough to cause death. We report on 21 patients who underwent tracheal resection for severe stenosis. Resection remains a good option in this situation, and there is a min...

The use of airway stents for the treatment of benign airway stenosis is increasingly advocated. However, the long-term safety and efficiency of these devices has not been established. We present a case of tracheal stenosis. which persisted despite open surgical and laser correction. The patient required tracheal stent insertion and is currently well with no respiratory difficulty. The use of me...

T-tubes are generally safe artificial airways used to stent and maintain the laryngotracheal airway in patients with stenosis or after laryngotracheal reconstruction. T-tube related airway complications are uncommon but potentially life-threatening. T-tube aspiration is rarely reported in the literature and may occur after coughing episodes and deep inspiration. Two cases of T-tube aspiration i...

Airway complications continue to be an important source of morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation, and bronchial stenosis is the most common manifestation. Such complications have been reported to occur in up to 27% of cases, and 13% of all transplanted patients may require interventional bronchoscopy for treatment. These complications have been attributed to an insufficient blo...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether airway granulation, a common occurrence during laryngotracheal reconstructive surgery and a common cause of delays in definitive treatment and treatment failure, is associated with a microbial etiology. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING Tertiary referral airway reconstruction unit. PATIENTS Patients who had an airway stent as part of their tre...

Postintubation subglottic stenosis is one of the most common causes of stridor in newborns and babies after prolonged mechanical ventilation. Management of this pathology is complex and requires highly trained personnel because it is associated with a high rate of airway-related mortality. This article presents the rescue of a difficult airway in a pediatric patient with subglottic stenosis wit...