Background: Although antiretroviral treatments have improved survival of persons living with HIV, their long-term use may limit available drug options. We estimated the prevalence heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) status and potential clinical consequences becoming HTE. Setting: EuroSIDA, a European multicenter prospective cohort study. Methods: A composite definition for HTE was developed, b...

BACKGROUND It is unknown whether iron supplementation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children living in regions with high infection pressure is safe or beneficial. A 2-arm, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted to examine the effects of iron supplementation on hemoglobin, HIV disease progression, and morbidity. METHODS HIV-infected Malawian children aged 6-5...

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases are major causes of morbidity for young children, particularly for those children attending child day care centers (DCCs). Although both diseases are presumed to cause considerable societal costs for care and treatment of illness, the extent of these costs, and the difference of these costs between children that do and do not attend such cent...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about adult male circumcision (AMC), assess the association of AMC with HIV incidence and prevalence, and estimate AMC uptake in a Southern African community. METHODS A cross-sectional biomedical survey (ANRS-12126) conducted in 2007-2008 among a random sample of 1198 men aged 15 to 49 from Orange Farm (South Africa). Face-to-face in...

Background Domestic abuse is a global public health issue. The association between the development of central sensitivity syndromes (CSS) and previous exposure to domestic has been poorly understood particularly within European populations. Methods A retrospective cohort study using ‘The Health Improvement Network,’ (UK primary care medical records) 1st January 1995–31st December 2018. 22,604 a...

BACKGROUND The malaria burden has decreased significantly in recent years in Africa through the widespread use of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). However, the occurrence of malaria resurgences, the loss of immunity of exposed populations constitute among other factors, serious concerns about the future of malaria elimination efforts...

BACKGROUND Plasmodium vivax is the most geographically widespread human malaria parasite. Cohort studies in Papua New Guinea have identified a rapid onset of immunity against vivax-malaria in children living in highly endemic areas. Although numerous P. vivax merozoite antigens are targets of naturally acquired antibodies, the role of many of these antibodies in protective immunity is yet unkno...

Abstract Introduction Although suicides are more prevalent during the day, risk of suicide is highest at night when adjusted for population wakefulness. It unclear how nighttime patterns vary by demographic and clinical subgroups. Methods Population wakefulness data were combined with time fatal injury 78,647 from 2003-2017. The primary outcome was number per hour as an offset/exposure term. Su...

OBJECTIVE Little is known about the prognostic impact of hypoglycemia associated with hospitalization. We hypothesized that hospitalized hypoglycemia would be associated with increased long-term morbidity and mortality, irrespective of diabetes status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We undertook a cohort study using linked administrative health care and laboratory databases in Alberta, Canada. F...