Personal exposures of 100 adult non-smokers living in the UK, as well as home and workplace microenvironment concentrations of 15 volatile organic compounds were investigated. The strength of the association between personal exposure and indoor home and workplace concentrations as well as with central site ambient air concentrations in medium to low pollution areas was assessed. Home microenvir...

The air-liquid interface (ALI) is a common microenvironment of the skin, but it is unknown whether the ALI affects melanoma cell behaviors. Using a collagen gel invasion assay, immunohistochemistry, and Western blots, here we show that melanoma cell proliferation in cultures with an ALI is higher than melanoma cell proliferation in submerged cultures. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake, an indicat...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elucidation of the mechanisms by which plants adapt to elevated CO2 is needed; however, most studies of the mechanisms investigated the response of plants adapted to current atmospheric CO2. The rapid respiration rate of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fruits (bolls) produces a concentrated CO2 microenvironment around the bolls and bracts. It has been observed that the intercell...

background: measuring and monitoring of air pollutants are one of environmental and all' pollution controls tools. due to lack of widespread data in iran, this study was performed to estimate the trends of major pollutant emissions to atmosphere in the uk from 1980 to 1996. methods: this investigation is a retrospective study that the data were collected from the departments of environment, tra...

Tumor occurrence, progression and metastasis depend on the crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells and on extrinsic factors outside the tumor microenvironment. Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) not only is involved in communications within the tumor microenvironment but also mediates communications between the extrinsic environment and tumor microenvironment. However, most reviews have been lim...

In addition to malignant cells, the tumor microenvironment also includes nonmalignant cells, secreted proteins, and blood vessels that surround and support the growth of the tumor. Interactions between the various components of the tumor microenvironment are significant; tumor cells can change the nature of the microenvironment, and conversely, the microenvironment can affect how a tumor grows ...

Abstract While genetic changes are critical for the malignant transformation of epithelial cells, the microenvironment in which the cells reside also governs carcinogenesis. Most tumors arise within a cellular microenvironment characterized by suppressed host immunity, dysregulated inflammation, and increased production of cellular growth and survival factors that induce angiogenesis and inhibi...

background recent studies revealed that tumor-associated macrophages (tams) play a decisive role in the regulation of tumor progression by manipulating tumor oncogenesis, angiogenesis and immune functions within tumor microenvironments. signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3), which is a point of convergence for numerous oncogenic signalling pathways, is constitutively activa...