Sm1.8Ce0.2CuO4–xCe0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (SCC–xCGO, x = 0–12 vol.%) composite cathodes supported on Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO) electrolyte are studied for applications in IT-SOFCs. Results show that Sm1.8Ce0.2CuO4 material is chemically compatible with Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 at 1000 °C. The composite electrode exhibits optimum microstructure and forms good contact with the electrolyte after sintering at 1000 °C for...

The light extraction of OLED has been successfully enhanced by the combination of multi-cathode structure and high refractive index intermediate layer, which are introduced to control the surface plasmon coupling in the metal cathode and the distribution of optical energy in OLED, respectively. From the multi scale optical analysis, it was found that an approximately 70% of electromagnetic ener...

The measurement of electricity generation from an air-cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) with a mixed bacteria culture at different pH showed that this MFC could tolerate an initial (feed solution) pH as high as 10. The optimal initial pH was between 8 and 10 with higher current generation compared to lower or higher pH. The bacterial metabolism exhibited a buffer effect and changed the electrol...

We report on the analysis of the performance of each electrode of an air-breathing passive micro-direct methanol fuel cell (µDMFC) during polarization, stabilization and discharge, with CH3OH (2-20 M). A reference electrode with a microcapillary was used for separately measuring the anode the cathode potential. Information about the open circuit potential (OCP), the voltage and the mass transpo...

Recent trends and advances in hydrogen/air Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are incorporated into a dynamic control oriented model. This type of model is important for development of control systems for PEMFC powered transportation where unpredictable and widely varying changes in power demand can be expected. Self humidification and low pressure operation are the two major changes t...

Spinel cathode materials consisting of LiMn2 O4 @LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 hollow microspheres have been synthesized by a facile solution-phase coating and subsequent solid-phase lithiation route in an atmosphere of air. When used as the cathode of lithium-ion batteries, the double-shell LiMn2 O4 @LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 hollow microspheres thus obtained show a high specific capacity of 120 mA h g(-1) at 1 C r...

The effects of ammonium (NH4) and magnesium (Mg) on the precipitation of phosphorus in artificial wastewater by an air-cathode single-chamber microbial fuel cell were investigated. When both NH4 and Mg were added to the wastewater, phosphorus was precipitated as struvite. Almost no precipitation occurred with the addition of only NH4, while phosphorus was precipitated as cattiite with the addit...

The effect of an 80 nm YSZ interfacial layer, deposited onto a YSZ pellet by different techniques (dip-coating, sputtering and atomic layer deposition) at the SOFC cathode/electrolyte interface to allow a maximum adhesion of the thick cathode layer, was thoroughly analysed. The LSM cathode was deposited on the solid electrolyte by painting and sintered in air at 1200°C for 2 h. The morphologica...

Effects of cathode types on the long-term stability of microbial fuel cell (MFC) and the anodic microbial communities were studied using K(3)Fe(CN)(6) catholyte (R1), air cathode (R2) and biocathode (R3) over a testing time of 400 d. Upon 400 d of testing, the maximum power densities (P(max)) of R1 and R2 decreased by 44% and 37%, and the Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) decreased 8.4% (R1) and 2.0...