Agricultural nitrogen loading is a leading cause of eutrophication within the Chesapeake Bay. Agriculture in Commonwealth Pennsylvania responsible for large portion load entering bay. Vegetated riparian buffers are common agroforestry practice used to intercept surface runoff and subsurface leaching nutrients such as from upland agricultural fields. Watershed-wide nutrient credit trading has be...

The primary objective of this research is to examine the contributions of co-operatives on rural household agricultural productivity. Multistage sampling was employed in the random selection of 120 co-operators and non-cooperators respectively. But only 115 co-operators and non-cooperators were utilized for the study. The active mean age of 42 years and married female rural households with seco...