introduction: anti-counterfeiting trade agreement (acta) is a plurilateral agreement among industrialized countries including usa. top industrialized countries and in particular usa always tried to have complete control over world trade organization (wto). although they had many success for their purpose, they are not convinced about the wto functions and they can not tolerate critiques of thei...

The article is devoted to issues of international legal principles in the field implementation and protection intellectual property objects aspect influence on processes law enforcement law-making criminal domestic systems. It determined that following are important for rights: Agreement Trade-Related Aspects Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), Convention Cybercrime, Paris Protectio...

Canadian reports have recommended that health as a human right must be Canada's overarching global commitment and that the primacy of human rights should be prioritized over other elements of international law including international trade and investment law as it applies to access to pharmaceuticals. This paper uses a series of case reports to examine Canada's commitment to this goal. Specific...

The United States has been pushing for foreign patent protection through free trade agreements and the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). A gravity model using panel data from 1993 to 2007 suggests that foreign patent protection has not significantly increased the United States’ trade of pharmaceuticals. Other factors are stron...

Millions of people, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, lack access to effective pharmaceuticals, often because they are unaffordable. The 2001 Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) adopted the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement and Public Health. The declaration recognized the implications of inte...

Would global patent protection be too weak without international coordination? Would it be too strong with the international coordination mandated by the TRIPS agreement (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights)? I try to answer these questions using a model of patent-setting game between governments. I introduce firm-biased government preferences and trade barriers, ...

In recent years, supporting intellectual property right has gained more significance. Intellectual property rights could be considered as legal rights resulting from intellectual activities in industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields. Today, many countries are seeking practical information about using intellectual property to improve economic growth. Intellectual property rights hav...

background negotiations surrounding the trans-pacific partnership (tpp) trade and investment agreement have recently concluded. although trade and investment agreements, part of a broader shift to global economic integration, have been argued to be vital to improved economic growth, health, and general welfare, these agreements have increasingly come under scrutiny for their direct and indirect...