Dopamine agonists (DA) have been used to treat symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) since the late 1970s (1). These agents were initially introduced to supplement the beneficial effect and possibly reduce the incidence of longterm complications of levodopa. In the last 30 years, methodical investigations of DA have demonstrated therapeutic benefit in all stages of PD both in combination with le...

in the present study the effects of both cck receptor agonists and antagonists on antinociception induced by morphine in the tail-flick test have been evaluated. m orphine induced dose-dependent antinociception in mice. the response of morphine was potentiated by sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8s) but not by unsulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8u). the cck receptor antagonists mk-329 and l-365, ...

POTENCY RATIO BETWEEN OPIOID AGONISTS AND PARTIAL AGONISTS Sir,—The paper by Klepper and colleagues (1986) again seems to indicate the belief of this group of workers in a fixed potency ratio between opioid agonists and partial agonists, although such a concept is theoretically unlikely (Kay, 1985). Support for a variable potency ratio is apparent in their paper, however, in that nalbuphine in ...

The bile acid receptor (GPBA) responds to acids produced during the liver metabolism of cholesterol. Selective agonists are promising drugs for treatment metabolic disorders, such as type II diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis.

Retinoids may regulate cell differentiation as ligands of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and/or retinoid X receptors (RXRs). We showed that RAR agonists promoted adipogenesis by upregulating the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) in the early stages, but blocked adipogenesis at a later stage in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). RXR agonists promoted adipoge...