after second world war, demand for oil increased and in 1970s reached to its maximum growth. and naturally, providing this level of demand depended on much more import from opec, especially from middle eastern members. contemporaneous, in the early 1970s, some opec governments stopped granting new concessions and starting to claim equity participation in the existing concessions, with a few of ...

In the mid-1980s, many European countries introduced ...xed-term contracts. This paper studies the possible implications of such reforms for the duration distribution of unemployment. I estimate a parametric duration model using cross-sectional data drawn from the Spanish Labor Force Survey from 1980 to 1994 to analyze the probability of leaving unemployment before and after the introduction of...

The development of modern suture material offers the dermatologic surgeon an important choice in would closure. This review, although prejudiced in some instances by the author's experience, likes, and dislikes, is an attempt to clarify the difference between various absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures. Properties of suture material are discussed in detail. Guidelines for choice in regard to w...

Abstract Arctic daily warming is gradually garnering the attention of academics. Here we discuss an interdecadal change around mid-1980s in role Central Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation (CP ENSO) occurrence frequency events triggered by Atlantic storms winter (called pattern-Arctic rapid tropospheric (A-RTDW) event) and possible mechanism. Before mid-1980s, Niño/La Niña weakened/strengthene...