In both experimental animals and humans, aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is a potent hepatic toxin and carcinogen against which a variety of antioxidants and experimental or therapeutic drugs (e.g., oltipraz, related dithiolethiones, and various triterpenoids) protect from both acute toxicity and carcinogenesis. These agents induce several hepatic glutathione S-transferases (GST) as well as aldo-keto r...

Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is a carcinogenic metabolite produced by certain Aspergillus species on agricultural commodities. AFB(1) biosynthesis is affected by jasmonic acid and also by its methylester (MeJA), a plant growth regulator derived from linoleic acid. This study reports the effect of MeJA on the growth of A. parasiticus and AFB(1) output in yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium when added ...

Some epidemiological evidence suggests a link between the inhalation of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))-contaminated grain dusts and increased lung cancer risk. However, the mechanisms of AFB(1) activation and action in human lung are not well understood. We compared AFB(1) action in SV40 immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) with two transfected cell lines that stably express human c...

The confirming diagnosis for tuberculosis as recommended by World Health Organization is by detecting the Acid Fast Bacilli bacteriologically in the respiratory specimens. In certain cases, where there is a strong clinical and radiological suspicion for tuberculosis and with repeated sputum samples showing negativity for AFB, bronchoscopic study with bronchial washings for the detection of AFB ...

Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is a fungal toxin that causes both acute hepatotoxicity and hepatocellular carcinoma in humans and experimental animals. Previous studies demonstrated that a small, noninjurious dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) augments the hepatotoxicity of AFB(1) through activation of inflammatory cells and production of soluble inflammatory mediators (Barton et al., 2000b, 2...

Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is a fungal toxin that causes both acute hepatotoxicity and liver carcinoma in exposed humans and animals. Previous studies have shown that exposure of rats to nontoxic doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) augments AFB(1) acute hepatotoxicity, resulting in enhanced injury to hepatic parenchymal cells and bile ducts. At larger doses, LPS causes damage to sinusoidal...

Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is a DNA-binding toxin that contributes to the burden of liver cancer in tropical areas. AFB₁-DNA adducts are powerful biomarkers that discern individual and population risk from exposure to this carcinogen. The discovery of concordance between the metabolic pathways of the male Fischer rat and humans allowed data from rats to guide the development of chemoprevention strateg...

BACKGROUND The potential of autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) to detect precancerous lesions in the central airways and its role in lung cancer screening is uncertain. A study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of moderate/severe dysplasia (dysplasia II-III) and carcinoma in situ (CIS) using a newly developed AFB system in comparison with conventional white light bronchoscopy (WLB) alo...

Several probiotics are known to bind aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) to their surfaces and to adhere to intestinal mucus. In this study, preincubation of two probiotic preparations with either AFB(1) or mucus reduced the subsequent surface binding of mucus and AFB(1), respectively, in a strain-dependent manner.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefit of using autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) for the detection and localization of early invasive lung cancer. METHODS AFB and white light bronchoscopy (WLB) were performed on 198 cases of suspected lung cancer, and the relative sensitivity of WLB plus AFB compared with WLB alone. RESULTS Included 198 biopsy specimens, and 160 were classified as positive b...