Higher corticosterone (CORT) responses to acute stress have previously been reported in quail selected for short (STI) duration of tonic immobility (TI) than for long TI (LTI), although behavioral studies indicated that LTI quail were more fearful. To investigate adrenal and pituitary function in these quail lines and their possible involvement in the differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adren...

Adrenal disease, whether primary, caused by defects in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, or secondary, caused by defects outside the HPA axis, usually results in adrenal insufficiency, which requires lifelong daily replacement of corticosteroids. However, this kind of therapy is far from ideal as physiological demand for steroids varies considerably throughout the day and increases...

background: noise pollution is considered as a stressful factor in every day’s life of the industrial world. the present study was designed to investigate the probable effects of different time exposure of noise stress on histomorphometric changes of adrenal gland, plasma cortisol and body weight of the rat.   methods: sixty adult male wistar rats were divided into two series of short time nois...

BACKGROUND Characteristics of family life are linked both cross-sectionally and prospectively to adult mental and physical health. PURPOSE This paper discusses social and biological processes that may explain how families influence the health of their members. METHODS We review naturalistic studies of short-term biopsychosocial processes as they unfold within the family. RESULTS Day-to-da...

The Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) strain is a genetic model of sound-induced reflex epilepsy which was selected starting from audiogenic seizures susceptible Wistar rats. Wistar resistant rats were used as WAR's control in this study. In the acute situation, audiogenic seizures (AS) in WARs mimic tonic-clonic seizures and, in the chronic protocol, mimic temporal lobe epilepsy. AS have been shown ...

Abstract Introduction Cocaineand amphetamine-regulated transcript peptides have been implicated in the endocrine and autonomic regulation, food intake and anxiety. Anatomical studies demonstrate that cocaineand amphetamine-regulated transcript mRNA and peptides are expressed intensely in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal gland axis and sympatho-adrenal system. In parallel with the anatomical st...

cardiovascular adverse effects are interesting aspects of occupational noise exposure. one possible mechanism of these effects is an alternation in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. our aim was to measure salivary cortisol response to relatively high-intensity noise exposure in a controlled randomized trial study. we exposed 50 male volunteers to 90 dba noise for 20 minutes and compared thei...

Glucocorticoids produced in the adrenal cortex under the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis play a vital role in the maintenance of basal and stress-related homeostasis and influence health and well-being. To identify loci affecting regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the pig we performed a genome-wide association study for two parameters of acute and long-ter...

The adrenal gland is a dynamic organ that undergoes constant cell turnover. This allows for rapid organ remodeling in response to the physiological demands of the HPA axis, which is controlled by proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and N-Terminal peptides (N-POMC). In the rat adrenal cortex, POMC-derived peptides trigger a mitogenic effect, an...

MicoRNAs (miRNAs), usually as gene regulators, participate in various biological processes, including stress responses. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) is an important pathway in regulating stress response. Although the mechanism that HPA axis regulates stress response has been basically revealed, the knowledge that miRNAs regulate stress response within HPA axis, still remai...