Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. Abstract This paper aims to give an overview of the possibilities for using automatic differentiation for uncertainty...

Introduction: Postoperative analgesia is very important parameter for overall management of pediatric patients. Aims: To compare the analgesic efficacy caudal dexmedetomidine versus tramadol with bupivacaine 0.25 % in paediatric Infra-umbilical surgeries. Objectives: study hemodynamic changes. The duration post-operative and to motor block sedation both groups, as well side effects associated g...

Background: Marek’s disease (MD), a T cell lymphoma induced by the highly oncogenic a-herpesvirus Marek’s disease virus (MDV), is the main chronic infectious disease concern threatening the poultry industry. Enhancing genetic resistance to MD in commercial poultry is an attractive method to augment MD vaccines, which is currently the control method of choice. In order to optimally implement thi...

Commercial Marek's disease (MD) vaccines produced by two manufacturers were tested for possible contamination with avian leukosis virus (ALV). Samples of MD vaccines manufactured by two companies (A and B) were received from a breeder company; samples were also received directly from vaccine company B. Using virus isolation tests, samples initially tested positive for subgroup E (endogenous) AL...

White leghorn chickens from seven 15.B congenic lines (genetically similar except for genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex [MHC] B haplotype) and two Line 0.B semicongenic lines were infected at hatch with strain ADOL Hc-1 of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J). At 5, 8, 16, and 36 wk of age, chickens were tested for viremia, serum-neutralizing antibody, and cloacal shedding...