In this study, two nonword spelling and two orthographic awareness experiments were used to examine people’s production and awareness of sound–spelling relationships. The results of the nonword spelling experiments suggest that, in general, people use phoneme–grapheme sized relationships when spelling nonwords. Alternatively, the results of the orthographic awareness experiments suggest that, u...

Most models of spelling assume that people rely on two procedures when engaging in spelling: a lexical look-up procedure that retrieves spellings in their entirety, and a nonlexical procedure that constructs spellings with a set of phoneme-grapheme rules. In the present research, we investigated whether larger sized subsyllabic relationships also play a role in spelling, and how they compare to...

Young and older adults’ ability to retrieve the spellings of highand low-frequency words was assessed via tests of spelling recognition and production. One of the spelling production tests required participants to write down the correct spellings of auditorily presented words, and accuracy was used to categorize participants in both age groups as good or poor spellers. The results showed that i...

Children who have difficulty with literacy development often experience pervasive and enduring trouble with spelling, even after receiving remedial instruction. Our study tests a new approach to improving the spelling of these children. We designed an instructional program emphasizing the morphological structure of words, and directly contrast its benefits to instruction that focuses on word me...

OBJECTIVE We compared the developmental status of school-age children with single-suture craniosynostosis (case group) and unaffected children (control group). Within the case group we compared the performance of children distinguished by location of suture fusion (sagittal, metopic, unicoronal, lambdoid). METHODS We administered standardized tests of intelligence, reading, spelling, and math...

Spelling correction has been studied for many decades, which can be classified into two categories: (1) regular text spelling correction, (2) query spelling correction. Although the two tasks share many common techniques, they have different concerns. This paper presents our work on the CLP-2014 bake-off. The task focuses on spelling checking on foreigner Chinese essays. Compared to online sear...

OBJECTIVE To develop an intervention procedure for spelling difficulties and to verify the effectiveness of the intervention program in students with lower spelling performance. METHOD We developed an intervention program for spelling difficulties, according to the semiology of the errors. The program consisted of three modules totaling 16 sessions. The study included 40 students of the third...