We introduce and study the main properties of a class convex risk measures that refine Expected Shortfall by simultaneously controlling expected losses associated with different portions tail distribution. The corresponding adjusted Shortfalls quantify as minimum amount capital has to be raised injected into financial position X ensure ES p ( ) does not exceed pre-specified threshold g for ever...

Objective: To compare adjusted calcium levels with ionised Calcium in chronic renal failure patients hypoalbuminemia for the correct assessment of their status.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration Study: Department Chemical Pathology Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar 2020 to Jan 2021.
 Methodology: A total 304 ind...

Tornado occurrence rates computed from the available reports are biased low relative to unknown true rates. To correct for this bias, authors demonstrate a method estimate annual probability of being struck by tornado that uses average report density estimated as function distance nearest city/town center. The is demonstrated on Kansas and then applied 15 other tornado-prone states Nebraska Ten...

The area under the true ROC curve (AUC) is routinely used to determine how strongly a given model discriminates between levels of binary outcome. Standard inference with AUC requires that outcomes be independent each other. To overcome this limitation, method was developed for estimation variance in setting two-level hierarchical data using probit-transformed prediction scores generated from ge...

purpose: to measure corneal power using different methods to assess agreement between these methods among patients who underwent photorefractive keratotomy. methods: in this prospective comparative study, keratometry was measured in 66 eyes of 33 refractive surgery candidates using manual keratometry (kr), conventional topography average central corneal power (accp), galilei total corneal power...