Background: Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis are known as inflammatory bowel disease with high morbidity which are as a result of increasing immune responses to intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible individuals. The association of adherent invasive Escherichia coli with Crohn's disease in human has been discussed for decades. The principal aim of this study was to assess the re...

The present paper deals with the generation of Love waves in a layer of finite thickness over an initially stressed heterogeneous semi-infinite media. The rigidity and density of the layer are functions of temperature, i.e. they are temperature dependent.  The lower substratum is an initially stressed medium and its rigidity and density vary linearly with the depth. The frequency relation of Lo...

This study aimed to assess ecological quality status of hard substratum macroinvertebrates communities of the Caspian Sea with three ecological indices and their relationship with environmental factors. For this purpose, benthic communities of the Caspian Sea basin were studied seasonally during 2014 in 8 sampling sites. Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, silicate an...

In this study, we established that collagen gel, but not collagen gel coating, induced apoptosis exclusively in epithelial cell lines, which indicated that low substratum rigidity might trigger cell apoptosis. To confirm this, we used collagen gels with different rigidities due to cross-linking or physical disruption of collagen fibrils caused by sonication. We found that collagen gel-induced a...

We have reported previously that the integrin LFA-1 is essential for metastasis of T-cell hybridomas to the liver. We show here that hepatocytes isolated from normal non-inflamed rat liver express intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) at the dorsal surface and more prominently at the lateral and substratum-adherent surfaces. Anti-rat ICAM-1 mAb inhibited adhesion of TAM8C4 T-cell hybridoma...

We describe a quantitative assay of the strength of adhesion of activated and nonactivated human neutrophils to a substratum, which is carried out in a custom-made microfluidic device. The strength of adhesion is quantified by the fraction of cells remaining adherent (ACF) after a given time of exposure to shear stress in a test microchannel. The microfluidic device is made of two layers of pol...

The morphology and function of endothelial cells depends on the physical and chemical characteristics of the extracellular environment. Here, we designed silicon surfaces on which topographical features and surface densities of the integrin binding peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) could be independently controlled. We used these surfaces to investigate the relative importance of the...

Adsorption of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in competition with other substances is a key to explain the relationship between substratum surface hydrophobicity and mammalian cell adhesion: when polystyrene substrata were exposed simultaneously to ECM protein and a PEO-PPO-PEO polymer surfactant (Pluronic F68), either by pre-conditioning or through protein cell secretion, a weaker substrat...

The attachment of epithelial cells to the extracellular matrix substratum is essential for their differentiation and polarization. Despite this, the precise adhesion mechanism and its regulation are poorly understood. In the kidney, an ischemic insult causes renal tubular epithelial cells to detach from the basement membrane, even though they remain viable. To understand this phenomenon, and to...

a heuristic way to calculate the approximate value of the casimir force is introduced