continue to build very similar nests just as 'closed-ended' song learners that learn songs only in their first year of life do not subsequently change their songs. Where this is the case, one should expect nests of the same species to be very similar with as much variation within a bird as among birds. Although young weaver birds take longer and build less effective nests than do experienced bi...

Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States. Robert G Hale, DDS, Chief and Program Director, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Michael Gliddon, DDS, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon; Mark Ericson, BSc, DDS, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon. Correspondence: Captain Barry Reed, 8th Combat Service Support Battalion, Newcastle, NSW 2289. [email protected] ADF Health ISSN: 1443-1033 ...

Captain James McLean joined the Army Reserve in 2003. In September 2007 he accepted an appointment as an SSO Medical Officer at 3HSB. He is currently completing a Masters of Surgery at the University of Adelaide, with the support of a Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Foundation Scholarship. He has a special interest in upper limb and trauma surgery, and ultimately plans to serve as a Rese...

©ADF Health 2004 http://www.defence.gov.au/dpe/dhs/ that would be instantly recognised by most patients before they even see a doctor. An understanding of skin diseases, especially the common ones, is indispensable for the military doctor. In addition to describing the more common skin disorders that may be seen by military doctors, we present some of the history of dermatology in conflicts ove...

E. coli 0157:H7 is an emerging food-borne pathogen implicated in several outbreaks. Fecal shedding of the pathogen constitutes the mode of entry into the human food chain. We compared the influence of dietary acid-detergent fiber (ADF) concentration on fecal shedding of the pathogen and meat production efficiency of lambs. Fourteen growingfinishing Suffolk ram lambs averaging 28 1.3 kg in body ...

Easy missions is an approach to machine learning that seeks to synthesize solutions for complex tasks from those for simpler ones. ISLES (Incrementally Staged Learning from Easier Subtasks) [1] is a genetic programming (GP) technique that achieves this by using identified goals and fitness functions for subproblems of the overall problem. Solutions evolved for these subproblems are then reused ...

BACKGROUND Musculus gastrocnemius tightness (MGT) can be diagnosed by comparing ankle dorsiflexion (ADF) with the knee extended and flexed. Although various measurement techniques exist, the degree of knee flexion needed to eliminate the effect of the gastrocnemius on ADF is still unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the minimal degree of knee flexion required to eliminate the restric...

Cardiovascular disease risk is associated with excess body weight and elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. This study examines how an alternate-day fasting (ADF) diet high (HF) or low (LF) in fat affects plasma FFA profiles in the context of weight loss, and changes in body composition and lipid profiles. After a 2-week weight maintenance period, 29 women (BMI 30-39.9 kg/m(2)) ...

analyzed as a Latin-square design using PROC MIXED in SAS. Forage quality was analyzed as a completely random design using PROC GLM in SAS. The BMR varieties were lower (P < 0.01) in ADF and NDF at all harvest dates, while N concentrations were not affected (P > 0.41) by variety. The A fraction of DM and NDF was higher (P < 0.01) and the C fraction of DM, NDF, and ADF was lower (P < 0.01) for B...

The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we derive the asymptotic null distribution of the familiar augmented Dickey-Fuller [ADF] statistics in the case where the shocks follow a linear process driven by infinite variance innovations. We show that these distributions are free of serial correlation nuisance parameters but depend on the tail index of the infinite variance process. These...