Myopia—time preference—has been shown to be commonplace and is believed to lead to a series of negative outcomes, such as overconsumption and addiction. Yet, little is known about the determinants of myopia. Using a random-assignment experiment, we investigate whether happiness decreases myopia. Subjects are randomly assigned to receive a happyor neutral-affect inducement. Immediately following...

High myopia is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. However, the exact etiology of high myopia remains unraveled despite numerous attempts of elucidation. Previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) has revealed that four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs2969180, rs1652333, rs9307551, and rs7837791, were associated with high myopia in Caucasians. The present st...

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of myopia amongst the Chinese has escalated in recent decades. While this refractive error was previously a little more than an inconvenience and a source of unwanted expense to the affected individuals, it is now sufficiently prevalent to warrant national concern. Myopia is also a major cause of low vision. This review aims to provide information on the prevalence o...

PURPOSE The mechanism of axial elongation in the myopic eyeball remains to be elucidated. It is known that the expression profile for some proteins in the aqueous humor (AH) changes in some diseases. Accordingly, determinations of these AH proteins may serve to understand their potential role in this pathogenesis. To identify the possible mechanism in myopia development, a proteomic analysis of...

PURPOSE Evidence from human myopia genetic mapping studies (MYP3 locus), modulated animal models, and observations of glycemic control in humans suggests that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 plays a role in the control of eye growth. This study was conducted to determine whether IGF-1 polymorphisms are associated with myopia in a large, international dataset of Caucasian high-grade myopia pe...

Globally, myopia is the leading cause of distance refractive error, affecting 1.45 billion or 27% of the world’s population in 2010 (myopia being defined as more than or equal to 0.50 D of myopia).1 The number of people with myopia is expected to continue to rise both in absolute numbers and as a percentage of the population.2 In certain age groups in several Asian countries, the prevalence of ...

OBJECTIVE Progressive myopia in humans and lid-sutured myopia in primates have been considered to be different processes. This report seeks to establish the connection between progressive myopia in humans and lid suture myopia in macaque monkeys. METHODS We followed the axial length of 4 lid-sutured macaque monkeys over an 18 month period. Their axial length is directly related to myopia. We ...

PURPOSE To estimate the sibling recurrence risk (KS) and the sibling recurrence risk ratio (lambda(S)) for high myopia in a cohort in the United Kingdom. METHOD The recurrence risks for myopia and high myopia were estimated in the siblings of 296 randomly selected high myopes ascertained from an optometric practice population. A model using an age of onset of spectacle wear for myopia of 9.1 ...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution iris colour and its relationship myopia. Methods: A multi-centered, multi-disciplined, cross-sessional conducted From March 2021 December 2021. 300 individuals ranging in age from 11 25 years were selected through non-probability purposive sampling technique. All patients had a maximum 6 hours screen time. Mild, moderate sever...

We have been observing patients with progressive myopia, both adult ones and children from the age of 1 year, for 30 years. From our studies into the natural course of myopia, we have established the following age-related development patterns of chorioretinal dystrophies. Whilst central chorioretinal dystrophies (CCRD) emerge as a rule at an age of 30 or older (with the exception of cases of co...