OBJECTIVE To assess whether active and passive smokers are more likely than non-smokers to develop clinically relevant glucose intolerance or diabetes. DESIGN Coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) is a prospective cohort study begun in 1985-6 with 15 years of follow-up. SETTING Participants recruited from Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; an...

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a well recognized cause of diseases such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease. Of the more than 5000 identified species in cigarette smoke, at least 150 have toxicological activity. For example, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde have been assigned as Group 1 and Group 2B carcinogens by IARC, and hydrogen cyanide has been id...

Background One of the requirements of the Osun State smoke-free legislation is to ensure smoke-free enclosed and partially enclosed workplaces. This survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of workers in indoor bars, beer parlors and discotheques to smoke-free legislation in general and the Osun State smoke-free law in particular.   Methods A convenience sampling of 36 hospital...

Active cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer. Secondhand exposure to cigarette smoke may also contribute to bladder carcinogenesis. The authors conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the influence of both active smoking and household exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) on subsequent bladder cancer risk. The study population included persons from two cohorts establi...

AIM To reveal any correlation between cigarette smoke and malondialdehyde (MDA) values in the saliva fluid of subjects who are active smokers or nonsmoking subjects who are exposed to cigarette smoke in their environments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saliva samples were taken from 3 groups: a control group (group 1), a group inhaling smoke passively (group 2), and a test group (group 3) smoking 20 ...

The senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) is a naturally occurring animal model for accelerated aging after normal development and maturation. SAMP1 strain was reported to show age-related structural and functional changes in lung and to be a murine model of senile lung. We postulated that aging of lung is an important intrinsic process for development of emphysema and even in a short period of to...

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke from 2R1 research brand cigarettes and specific toxicants in smoke inhibit oviductal functioning. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that smoke from commercial cigarettes, including harm reduction cigarettes, inhibits oviductal functioning and to measure the concentration of previously identified toxicants in smoke from research and commercial cigarettes. METHOD...

Studies on passive smoking have consistently shown a tendency toward an increased risk of breast cancer, while studies an active smoking have failed to demonstrate an association. This apparent contradiction may stem from not separating passive smokers from the unexposed when assessing the effect of active smoking. a population based case-control study was conducted in Geneva, Switzerland, betw...