This paper provides original evidence from institutional investors that political uncertainty during presidential elections greatly affects investment. Using U.S. institutional ownership data from 1981 to 2010, we find that institutions significantly reduce their holdings of common stock by 0.76 to 2.1 percentage points during election years. More specifically, institutions tend to sell large p...

We present a study of ownership and governance structure in the growing Chinese entrepreneurial SMEs sector. The study examines the structures that are embedded in the traditional Chinese values and culture, as well as the institutional environment for Chines SME's and the limitation they present towards the growth SMEs in China. Our findings suggest that Chinese SME ownership, and ownership tr...

U.S. corporate leverage has decreased markedly since 1992. We find greater institutional ownership explains this deleveraging trend. Without institutions’ influence, total leverage would be eight percentage points higher today. Detection of this relationship was elusive since researchers often combine all years and institutions. Yet legal barriers to institutional activism persisted until 1992....

Factors Affecting Public-Private Sector's Support for the Elementary Schools M.H. Hassani Shalmaani, Ph.D. Factors affecting the public-private sector's support for elementary education were identified perusing related legislations, documents, and programs. To validate these factors a sample of 432 elementary school principals was given the list of factors of which 8 were confirme...

The governance life-cycle, is here defined as changes in ownership structure, and including both the identity of the major owner and ownership concentration. The cycle is marked by key events and phases including start-up, initial growth, mature growth, and possibly a crisis and restructuring stage or exit stage. The governance cycle for transitional countries reflects some specific characteris...

Corporate Governance deals with the issue of how the suppliers of finance to various corporations assure themselves of getting a return on their investment. Several Studies have examined the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance. Using different data samples from different countries, most of the studies provide evidence that ownership influence firm performance. This stu...

Institutional investor is supposed to be more powerful than individual investor from the perspectives of regularity authority and scholar, but the results are mixed. Using the data of listed company in China, the paper presents a comparative study on the impacts of institutional investor and individual investor on investment risk. It shows that the scale and ownership of institutional investor ...