Abstract—Corrosion inhibitors are widely used in concrete industry to reduce the corrosion rate of steel rebar which is present in contact with aggressive environments. The present work aims to using Zamzam water from well located within the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia 20 m (66 ft) east of the Kaaba, the holiest place in Islam as corrosion inhibitor for steel in rain water and simula...

In recent years, because of the dangers of acid rain, the growth of main crops such as corn, rice, and wheat were inhibited, and cut back on production, so that the development of agriculture in various countries are hampered. In order to solve this situation, summarize the acid rain on main crops growth, biomass, germination rate, the influence of in order to improve the agricultural productio...

We examined the invasion rate of virulent and avirulent isolates of the pinewood nematode to Japanese black pine seedlings pretreated with simulated acid rain (SAR) at pH 3 and 2. Pretreatment with SAR at pH 3 reduced the invasion rate of virulent nematodes compared to control seedlings in both juvenile seedlings and 1-year-shoot segments of 3-year-old seedlings. This suggests that acid rain at...

Program fusion (or deforestation) is a well-known transformation whereby compositions of several pieces of code are fused into a single one, resulting in an e cient functional program without intermediate data structures. Recent work has made it clear that fusion transformation is especially successful if recursions are expressed in terms of hylomorphisms . The point of this success is that fus...

The paper reports very important findings on long term rain chemistry data from dry remote savanna site in Africa. The interesting part of observations is that the site has unique characteristics regarding chemical composition of rain water. In most of the temperate regions where acid rain is common phenomenon, the acidity is mainly reported due to very high non sea salt SO42-. The major role p...

Physicochemical properties and chemism of atmospheric precipitation, influenced by atmospheric air pollution, are a major element affecting contemporary degradation of the natural environment. It is known that water, apart from its function as a partner in physical reactions, is also the carrier of anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment. Acid rain is all the rain, snow, and mis...