The present work deals with enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse to fermentable sugars. The bagasse was treated with phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide prior to enzymatic hydrolysis by commercial cellulase and β-glucosidase. The phosphoric acid pretreatment was performed at 50°C for 30 min, while 12% NaOH was used for the alkali treatment at 0°C for 3 h. The phosphoric acid pretreatm...

BACKGROUND Two-step dilute acid hydrolysis of softwood, either as a stand-alone process or as pretreatment before enzymatic hydrolysis, is considered to result in higher sugar yields than one-step acid hydrolysis. However, this requires removal of the liquid between the two steps. In an industrial process, filtration and washing of the material between the two steps is difficult, as it should b...

1. Most of the products of the peptic hydrolysis of albumin, about 85 per cent of the total N, are primary in the sense that they arise directly from the protein molecule, and undergo no further hydrolysis. 2. A slow secondary hydrolysis, involving about 15 per cent of the total N, occurs in the proteose and simpler fractions primarily split off. 3. Acid metaprotein in peptic hydrolysis arises ...

In a study on Feulgen hydrolysis of frozen-dried alcohol-fixed lily anthers, a chromatographic technique was developed to analyze the acid hydrolysate for some of the degradation products of nucleic acid. Hydrolysis was accomplished by 10 per cent perchloric acid at 20 degrees C., and a typical hydrolysis time-Feulgen intensity curve was obtained, with maximum staining occurring at 19 hours. Mi...

Microalgae are a promising feedstock for bioethanol production, essentially due to their high growth rates and absence of lignin. Hydrolysis—where the monosaccharides released further fermentation—is considered critical step, its optimization is advised each raw material. The present study focuses on thermal acid hydrolysis (with sulfuric acid) Aurantiochytrium sp. through response surface meth...

One of the microalgae that can be potentially used to produce bioethanol is Chlorella vulgaris, as it rich in carbohydrates. However, carbohydrates C. vulgaris cannot converted directly into ethanol. This study aimed investigate chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis which subsequently followed by fermentation. The catalysts were hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium while enzymes mixture a...

BACKGROUND Total (i.e. free+sulfated) metanephrines in plasma is a biomarker for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. Sulfated metanephrines must be completely deconjugated by perchloric acid hydrolysis or sulfatase treatment prior to analytical measurement to enable quantification by current techniques. In this report, we compare the yield and efficiency of both methods. METHODS ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different acid catalysts and pretreatment factors on the hydrolysis of biomass compounds over a range of thermochemical pretreatments; maleic, oxalic, and sulfuric acids were each used under different pretreatment conditions. The most influential factor for fermentable sugar production in the dicarboxylic acid-pretreated mixed hardwood was...

The preparation of cellulose nanostructures is considered in this paper. Cellulose nanoparticles(nano cellulose) were extracted from cinnamon for the first time. The chemically-induceddestruction strategy based on controlled strong acid hydrolysis treatment was used for dissolutionof lignin and fragmentation of cellulose to nano sized structure. The products werecharacterized by scanning electr...

Hydrolysed wheat protein (HWP), which has high emulsifying property and water retentivity, is added to various foods and cosmetics to improve their texture. Recently, several studies showed that a specific HWP formula could induce IgE-mediated hypersensitivity by skin contact and/or food ingestion. In Japan, a number of HWP-caused systemic wheat allergy cases were reported, including wheat-depe...