Introduction/purpose: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in universe (75 % by mass) and lightest (with a density of 0.00082 g/cm3 ) which consists only one proton electron. Because its presence many different forms such as gaseous hydrogen, plasma species, water, acid, alkaline, ammonia hydrocarbons, it has various applications industrial disciplines. Methods: Different hydrometallurgical py...

Renewed interest in blood chlorides has been aroused by Allen,’ who has endeavored to show that salt retention is the cause of pure hypertension, and also of the hypertension in many cases of kidney disease. The estimation of this constituent has been most often conducted on the plasma, rather than on whole blood, but there would now appear to be some question as to the reliability of plasma an...

Hydrolyses of acid derivatives (e.g., carboxylic acid chlorides and fluorides, fluoro- and chloroformates, sulfonyl chlorides, phosphorochloridates, anhydrides) exhibit pseudo-first order kinetics. Reaction mechanisms vary from those involving a cationic intermediate (SN1) to concerted SN2 processes, and further to third order reactions, in which one solvent molecule acts as the attacking nucle...

Glutamic Semialdehyde, Synthesis, Reactivity, Glutamic Acid, Derivatives Glutamic-1-semialdehyde which is discussed to be involved in the early steps of chlorophyll biosynthesis, has been synthesized from glutamic acid by reduction of several N-protected carboxylic acid derivatives like the N-CBO-glutamic acid-1-dimethyl amide or methylanilide, the pyroglutamic acid imidazolide and the acid chl...

A metal-free chemodifferentiating A2BB' 4CR manifold for the modular synthesis of tertiary skipped diynes is described. The manifold performs a triethylamine triggered reaction of alkyl propiolates and acid chlorides to assemble two units of each component in the form of two propargylic alkynoates, a tertiary alcohol, and an ester. A differentiated incorporation of the two acid chloride compone...

We describe the palladium-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 2-imidazolines. This reaction proceeds via the coupling of imines, acid chlorides and carbon monoxide to form imidazolinium carboxylates, followed by a decarboxylation. Decarboxylation in CHCl(3) is found to result in a mixture of imidazolinium and imidazolium salts. However, the addition of benzoic acid suppresses aromatization, a...

A new series of 5-substituted-3-methylsulfanyl-1-(2,4-dinitro phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl esters were synthesized by reacting the amino group of 5-amino-3-methylsulfanyl-1-(2,4-dinitro phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4carboxylic acid ethyl ester with acid anhydrides, acid chlorides and phenyl dithiocarbamates. The title compounds were investigated for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and ulcero...

Ionic liquids consisting of a phosphonium cationic moiety and a saccharinate anion are synthesized and compared with their precursors, phosphonium chlorides, in reference to their extraction efficiency towards L-lactic acid. On the base of measurements of the acid and the water partitioning in the equilibrium biphasic systems, the molar ratios between acid, water and ionic liquid are estimated ...