influence extracellular acid–base status in brachyuran decapod crustaceans (Truchot, 1973; Truchot, 1981; Truchot, 1992; Mangum et al., 1976; Henry and Cameron, 1982; Wheatly, 1985). Although the underlying mechanisms and the physiological consequences remain unclear, the basis for the relationship between acid–base status and ion regulation can be attributed to the catalysed hydration of CO2 b...

IDEALLY, THE EVALUATION of acid-base balance should be made from the determination of 002 content and pH on arterial plasma. Obtaining arterial blood is not, however, a routine clinical procedure. Hence, next in order of preference is the performance of these two determinations on plasma of arterialized blood which may be easily obtained by soaking the arm of the subject in a water bath at 40#{...

Sir,—In the Correspondence section of the Journal (1972, 44, 233) Dr Marx mentioned that foetal acid-base values obtained from umbilical artery blood at Caesarean sections did not correlate with the condition of the newborn infant at birth. I should like to provide evidence that acid-base values of umbilical artery blood are not reliable at Caesarean sections under general anaesthesia. We measu...

Two trials were conducted to study the effects of continuous infusion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on acid-base balance in broiler chickens. Osmotic pumps delivered 8 IU of ACTH in saline/kg of BW/d for 7 d or the same saline volume as used in ACTH at 1 microL/h for 7 d. Blood samples were taken on d 0 (baseline values) and on d 4, 7, and 14 after onset of the infusions. The ACTH treat...

Sir,—I read Dr Paymaster's letter (1978) with interest as I have encountered similar difficulties with the Cape Waine, Mark III Anaesthetic Machine. Here again there is a "push-pull" switch situated on the front panel of the machine for the delivery of emergency oxygen. This button has been left pushed to the "on" position after use and this has not been noticed by another anaesthetist using th...

Background: Disorders of acid-base involve the complex interplay of many organ systems including brain, lungs, kidney, and liver. Compensations for acid-base disturbances within the brain are more complete, while limitations of compensations are more apparent for most systemic disorders. However, some of the limitations on compensations are necessary to survival, in that preservation of oxygena...

Pendrin (SLC26A4) is a Na(+)-independent Cl(-)/HCO(3) (-) exchanger which is expressed in the apical membranes of type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells within the distal convoluted tubule, the connecting tubule, and the cortical collecting duct. In those segments it mediates HCO(3) (-) secretion and chloride (Cl(-)) absorption. In mice, no renal abnormalities are observed under basal condi...

Background: Disorders of acid-base involve the complex interplay of many organ systems including brain, lungs, kidney, and liver. Compensations for acid-base disturbances within the brain are more complete, while limitations of compensations are more apparent for most systemic disorders. However, some of the limitations on compensations are necessary to survival, in that preservation of oxygena...

BACKGROUND Disorders of acid-base involve the complex interplay of many organ systems including brain, lungs, kidney, and liver. Compensations for acid-base disturbances within the brain are more complete, while limitations of compensations are more apparent for most systemic disorders. However, some of the limitations on compensations are necessary to survival, in that preservation of oxygenat...

T his article reviews the role of the kidneys in the regulation of acid-base balance. It is intended as a guide for those who teach this aspect of renal physiology to health professions students. An approach is described, which begins with an overview of acid-base balance and then proceeds to describe the details of renal H1 transport and the important role the production and excretion of NH4 1...