Citation: Sabet Zangeneh H, Mohammaddust Chamanabad HR, Zand E, Asghari A, Alamisaeid K, Travlos IS and Alebrahim MT (2016) Study of Fitness Cost in Three Rigid Ryegrass Populations Susceptible and Resistant to Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibiting Herbicides. Front. Ecol. Evol. 4:142. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00142 Study of Fitness Cost in Three Rigid Ryegrass Populations Susceptible and Resistant t...

Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. (Compositae) (ASL) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat different hepatic diseases. However, a hypolipidemic effect of ASL on fatty liver disease has not been reported. Therefore, we investigated whether 95% ethanol eluate (EE), an active part of ASL, would attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation in human HepG2 cells by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (...

1. The effect of preincubation of extracts of lactating rat mammary gland with ATP, Mg2+ and micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ on the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase was studied. 2. Both Mg2+ and Ca2+ activated the enzyme. Activation with Mg2+ (5 mM) was larger than that with Ca2+ (calculated free Ca2+ concentration = 20-50 microM), but the activity decreased after reaching a peak. The activ...

The mechanisms whereby growth hormone and dexamethasone modulate the stimulation of fatty acid synthesis by insulin in adipose tissue from lactating and non-lactating sheep have been investigated. Maintenance of adipose tissue from wethers (castrated male sheep) in tissue culture for 24 or 48 h with insulin resulted in an increased proportion of acetyl-CoA carboxylase being present in the activ...

Changes in the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) reductase were studied in primary cultures of adult-rat hepatocytes after exposure of the cells to insulin and/or carbohydrates. To determine the contribution of protein synthesis to changes in enzyme activity, the relative rate of synthesis of each enzyme was measured and the amount of translatable...

Liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a biotin-enzyme which catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-CoA (acceptor) to form malonyl-CoA (carboxylated acceptor), decarboxylates malonyl-CoA by a biotin-dependent, as well as a biotin-independent mechanism. Neither ADP, Pi, nor divalent metal ion are required for either of these abortive decarboxylations. The biotin-dependent reaction is blocked...

Fatty acid synthesis is traditionally viewed as being confined to the cytosolic cellular fraction, although a substantial body of data indicates that both microsomes and mitochondria are capable of initiating fatty acid synthesis and may contain acetyl-CoA carboxylase [acetyl-CoA:carbon-doxide ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.4.1.2], fatty acid synthetase, and ATP-citrate lyase [ATP citrate (pro-3S)-...

The assimilation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic material is quantitatively the most important biosynthetic process. We discovered that an autotrophic member of the archaeal order Sulfolobales, Metallosphaera sedula, fixed CO2 with acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA)/propionyl-CoA carboxylase as the key carboxylating enzyme. In this system, one acetyl-CoA and two bicarbonate molecules were redu...

1. A new rapid method for the purification of fat-cell acetyl-CoA carboxylase is described; the key step is sedimentation after specific polymerization by citrate. 2. Incubation of epididymal fat-pads or isolated fat-cells with insulin or adrenaline leads to a rapid increase or decrease respectively in the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase measured in fresh tissue extracts. The persistence of ...