exergy analysis and response surface methodology (rsm) is applied to reduce the exergy loss and improve energy and exergy efficiency of acetic acid production plant. exergy analysis is run as a thermodynamic tool to assess exergy loss in reactor and towers of acetic acid production process. the process is simulated in aspen plus(v.8.4) simulator and the necessary thermodynamics data for calcula...

This review focuses on acetic acid bacteria in the winemaking process. The enumeration, isolation and identification of acetic acid bacteria from grapes and wines are discussed. This is followed by an outline of the conditions and measures that can assist the wine producer to inhibit the unwanted growth of acetic acid bacteria in wine, which include the ethanol concentration, low pH, minimum ox...

The treatment of cholera by acetic acid, suggested by Dr. Greene in the September number of the Indian Medical Gazette, deserves, I think, to be put to the test by the profession. When I perused Dr. Greene's article, it struck me that, from its strong antiseptic property, acetic acid may do good by counteracting the morbific influence of the cholera miasm in the blood. Besides, being a stimulan...

IN THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE TITLE COMPOUND (SYSTEMATIC NAME: 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclo-hepta-triene-5-carboxamide ethanoic acid solvate), C(16)H(13)NO·C(2)H(4)O(2), the cytenamide and solvent mol-ecules form a hydrogen-bonded R(2) (2)(8) dimer motif, which is further connected to form a centrosymmetric double ring motif arrangement. The cycloheptene ring adopts a boat conformation and the dihedr...

The title compound, C(9)H(8)O(2)S(2), can be used as a chain transfer agent and may be used to control the behavior of polymerization reactions. O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds of moderate character link the mol-ecules into dimers. In the crystal, the dimers are linked into sheets by C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming R(4) (2)(12) and R(2) (2)(8) edge-fused rings running parallel to [101]. There are no inter-mo...

Chloroplasts, Compartmental Analysis, Indole-3-acetic Acid (LAA), Spinach Mesophyll Cells, Tryptophan Uptake Using [14C]tryptophan as a precursor, the intracellular localization o f indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in spinach mesophyll cells was investigated. Chloroplasts as well as extraplastidic compartments were able to transform tryptophan into indole-3-acetic acid. The cofactor requiremen...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the ototoxicity of acetic acid solutions. METHODS Compound action potentials (CAPs) of the eighth nerve were measured in guinea pigs before and after the application of acetic acid in the middle ear cavity. The pH values of the acetic acid solutions were pH 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0, and the application times were 30 min, 24 h, and 1 week. RESULTS Acetic acid solution (pH 3.0...

Either 5-[3H]indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 5-[3H]indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol was applied to the endosperm of kernels of dark-grown Zea mays seedlings. The distribution of total radioactivity, radiolabeled indole-3-acetic acid, and radiolabeled ester conjugated indole-3-acetic acid, in the shoots was then determined. Differences were found in the distribution and chemical form of the radiolab...

Acetic acid, in vinegar, is one of the most anciently used preservatives. Its toxicity to bacteria and to fungi has been recognized. Wolf and Shunk (^6) ^ found that it was more toxic to the six species of bacteria investigated by them than was hydrochloric, sulphuric, citric, tartaric, malic^ or formic acids. In the experiments of Bitting (4) acetic acid was as toxic to fungi as benzoic, boric...

When using microorganisms as cell factories in the production of bio-based fuels or chemicals from lignocellulosic hydrolysate, inhibitory concentrations of acetic acid, released from the biomass, reduce the production rate. The undissociated form of acetic acid enters the cell by passive diffusion across the lipid bilayer, mediating toxic effects inside the cell. In order to elucidate a possib...