orumieh lake due to economic, tourism, microclimate effect, agricultural activities have an important role in the northwest of iran. this lake basin area is 52700 km2 with 102 islands, as known a familiar it as known one of the protected areas, with 186 species of birds, and animals. the water of lake is very salty (240 gr in winter and 260gr in summer) and fluctuation of lake water level threa...

population growth and urbanization increase the demand for developing new roads. heavy traffic of the east of tehran imposes high pressure on transportation. network of this city and old road of tehran-rudehen does not meet this need. therefore, constructing the new highway (tehran – pardis) in the east of tehran would be needed. but the new highway passes through protected area of jajrood an...

suitability analysis is a prerequisite for sustainable agricultural production and it involves evaluation of the environmental parameters. the development and creation of appropriate points for this land use without considering environmental capability will result in the appearance of several ecological, economic, and social problems. the multi-criteria decision making (mcdm) models were used f...

The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha Pallas, 1771) and the quagga mussel (D. rostriformis Deshayes, 1838) are successful invasive bivalves with substantial ecological and economic impacts in freshwater systems once they become established. Since their eradication is extremely difficult, their detection at an early stage is crucial to prevent spread. In this study, we optimized and validated a...

Productive conservation, a sustainable development concept for the Amazon, ideally leads to economic development in rural areas with conservation of rain forest ecosystems. This study evaluates the human and environmental dynamics of productive conservation in Rondonia, Brazil, using as a case study beekeeping, which has been promoted by the World Bank-funded Rondonia Natural Resources Developm...

In response to pension funding failures and concern that abuses in the private system were denying benefits many workers, Congress passed Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). ERISA has several specific objectives: ensure workers receive after they satisfy certain minimum requirements, sufficient funds are set aside pay promised benefits, adequate information about their empl...

In recent decades, environmental pollution has emerged as a core issue, around the globe, rendering it of fundamental concern to eco-toxicologists, environmental biologists, eco-chemists, pathologists, and researchers from other fields. The dissolution of polluting agents is a leading cause of environmental pollution of all key spheres including the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere, amon...

The goal of this paper is to present an optimal resource allocation model for the regional allocation of public service inputs. The proposed solution leads to maximise the relative public service availability in regions located below the best availability frontier, subject to exogenous budget restrictions and equality of access for equal need criteria (equity-based notion of regional needs). Th...

We postulated that environmental concern encompasses a wide range of different issues, often lumping pollution with habitat loss (or land use) and ecological resources (fish and wildlife). In this paper, we compare perceptions about a range of environmental and ecological resource issues, and explore ethnic/racial differences. We surveyed 1513 residents of New Jersey about "environmental concer...