AIM To determine the efficacy and safety of keratorefractive surgery in patients with accommodative and non-accommodative strabismus in a prospective study. METHODS Preoperative assessment included uncorrected (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), manifest and cycloplegic refraction and orthoptic examination. Laser in situ keratomileusis, laser epithelial keratomileusis and Artisan ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical results obtained with excimer laser treatment of fully refractive accommodative esotropia. METHODS Fully refractive accommodative esotropia was corrected in 17 patients with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and in 3 patients with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). The mean age of the patients at time of refractive surgery was 18.8 years (range 14 to 24 yea...

PURPOSE The concordance of strabismic phenotypes was examined in monozygotic versus multizygotic twins and other multiple births to study the role of genetic background in different types of commitant strabismus. METHODS Medical charts of 45 consecutive pairs of twins (16 monozygotic and 18 dizygotic twins, and 11 with unknown zygosity), 3 sets of triplets (one monozygotic and 2 trizygotic tr...

PURPOSE To investigate the accuracy of spatial localization in children with a specific type of convergent strabismus, fully accommodative esotropia. METHODS Two groups of children, with right and left fully accommodative esotropia, respectively, pointed at targets located centrally and eccentrically on a computer touchscreen without being able to see their hands. The size and the direction o...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of a cycloplegic regimen using 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine (Tropherine, Hanmi Pharm), in addition to 1% cyclopentolate, in hyperopic children. METHODS The medical records of hyperopic patients below the age of 14 years who had undergone cycloplegic retinoscopy were retrospectively reviewed. Cycloplegic refractions were performed using one of t...

INTRODUCTION Potential indications for excimer laser procedures in children include accommodative esotropia, bilateral high ametropia, and severe anisometropia. Treatment of these conditions has traditionally included spectacle or contact lens use. This treatment, however, is often ineffective in children with severe anisometropia or bilateral ametropia, especially those with neuropsychological...

Patients with long-standing unilateral strabismus, such as "sensory" exotropia in the absence of fusion, or esotropia with unilateral amblyopia, typically show bilateral deviations under anesthesia, often symmetric. Forced ductions usually show symmetric muscle tightness. Changes in extraocular muscle lengths thus appear to occur primarily bilaterally, whether fusion is present or not. With ske...