PURPOSE We tested the hypothesis that changes in accommodation after instillation of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (PHCl) observed in some studies could be caused by changes in optics. METHODS We performed two experiments to test the effects of PHCl on static and on dynamic accommodation in 8 and 6 subjects, respectively. Objective wavefront measurements were recorded of the static accommodatio...

OBJECTIVE Disparity cues can be a major drive to accommodation via the convergence accommodation to convergence (CA/C) linkage, but, on decompensation of exotropia, disparity cues are extinguished by suppression so this drive is lost. This study investigated accommodation and vergence responses to disparity, blur and proximal cues in a group of distance exotropes aged between 4 and 11 years bot...

Takashi Shibata Takashi Kawai Keiji Ohta Masaki Otsuki Nobuyuki Miyake Yoshihiro Yoshihara Tsuneto Iwasaki Abstract — This paper describes a method for reducing the discrepancy between accommodation and convergence when viewing stereoscopic 3-D images. The method uses a newly developed stereoscopic 3-D display system with a telecentric optical system and a mobile LCD. The examination of a mono-...

PURPOSE An association between tonic accommodation, the resting accommodative position of the eye in the absence of a visually compelling stimulus, and refractive error has been reported in adults and children. In general, myopes have the lowest (or least myopic) levels of tonic accommodation. The purpose in assessing tonic accommodation was to evaluate it as a predictor of onset of myopia. M...

The biophysical properties of cat motoneuron (MN) models with passive dendrite and different sizes have been extensively tested. However, the behavior of these models in relation to accommodation has not been tested yet. The experimental data reported have shown that MNs accommodate to a very limited degree, exhibiting, in some extension, breakdown of accommodation phenomenon. One The accommoda...

If an admittance control law is properly designed, a workpiece can be guided into a fixture using only the contact forces for guidance (force-assembly). Previously, we have shown that: 1) a space of accommodation control laws that will ensure force-assembly without friction always exists, and 2) as friction is increased, a control law that allows force-assembly can be obtained as long as the fo...

PURPOSE To measure the changes in astigmatism and in the degree of anisometropia when ametropes respond to accommodative stimulation. METHODS The accommodative responses of ametropes were binocularly measured with an improved photorefractometer (PR-1100), which objectively measured binocular refraction in all meridians simultaneously, when a visual fixation target was shown in natural space a...

The dynamics of Edinger-Westphal (EW) stimulated accommodation were studied in two young rhesus monkeys to understand the relationships between accommodative amplitude and rates of accommodation and disaccommodation. Accommodative responses were recorded with infrared photorefraction at five different amplitudes spanning the full EW stimulated accommodative range available to each eye. Combined...

We have studied natural accommodation in the eye of six specimens of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) as they were fed with fish and shrimp. Using infrared photoretinoscopy, we observed (1) that the resting refractive state of the cuttlefish was emmetropic or slightly hyperopic, (2) that accommodation took place only a fraction of a second before a strike and (3) that accommodation focused select...

Inconsistent terminology and variation in service models have made synthesis of the supported accommodation literature challenging. To overcome this, we developed a brief, categorical taxonomy that aimed to capture the defining features of different supported accommodation models: the simple taxonomy for supported accommodation (STAX-SA). Data from a previous review of existing classification s...