For planning purposes, the time frame for the MAP states’ accession to NATO matters greatly. If a country is likely to be a NATO member in the near-term, then shaping activities should be designed with that in mind. For more distant time frames, shaping activities should be designed to ensure that the potential member can provide for its own credible deterrent and, in order to strengthen that d...

The article deals with the prospects for Development of the market of electronic payment systems in the context of accession of the Russian Federation to the WTO. The authors investigate the benefits of electronic payment systems for the national economy in the context of accession of the Russian Federation to the WTO, evaluate the competitiveness of the russian market of electronic payment sys...

This Article will focus on one particular accession condition that is illustrative of this phenomenon, namely, the protection of minorities. The Copenhagen criteria encompass the “respect for and protection of minorities” as one of the conditions for acceding to the Union, but the Treaty on European Union (”TEU”) does not explicitly mention the protection of minorities as one of the EU’s princi...

cotton are an important source of useful genetic variability (Percival, 1987; Meredith, 1991; McCarty and JenPrimitive accessions of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., may prokins, 1992; McCarty et al., 1995). Percival and Kohel vide useful traits for cultivar development. Genetic effects for yield, yield components, and fiber traits were analyzed for five generations (1990) reviewed the collection...

The process of European Union Accession has provided a strong stimulus for various institutional changes in Turkey. The European Council decision taken at Helsinki (10-11 December 1999) was an important turning point in this process. The Accession Partnership, which followed the Helsinki summit, identified short and medium term priorities, intermediate objectives and conditions on which accessi...

Spinach is one of the most important green leafy vegetables (Spinacia oleracea L.). The qualitative and quantitative trait of the spinach depends on the weather conditions. Screening the foreign accession compare with Iranian ones is necessary for breeding purposes. In order to study the vegetative characteristics of 44 endemic and foreign accessions, an experiment was conducted in a r...

The fecundity advantage hypothesis suggests that females with a large body size produce more offspring than smaller females. We tested this hypothesis by exploring the correlations between life-history traits of three aphid species feeding on ten wheat accessions at three levels of analysis with respect to the host plant: overall, inter-accession, and intra-accession. We found that fecundity wa...

1 "WTO Accession and Economic Development: Experience of Newly Acceded Countries and Implications for Belarus" is available under the Creative Commons License 3.0. Some rights reserved to the Solidarity Fund. The paper was written under the " Democracy Support Programme " funded by the Polish Development Cooperation Programme of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2013). It is permitted to ...

Using a GARCH model we provide evidence that higher inflation uncertainty leads to higher inflation in the new European Union (EU) member states and candidate countries only prior to EU accession. During EU accession and entry inflation uncertainty has no effect on mean inflation. This result supports the consideration of policy regime shifts in assessing the nominal uncertainty-average inflati...

In the Data Availability statement, the accession number is listed incorrectly. The correct accession number is: GSE 59517. open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.