tawfiq al-hakim is one of the proficient authors in history of egypt’s literature. he has so much worked inliterature, intellectual and cultural concepts. he was a craftsman author .it can say that he is dramatistic literature’s father of egypt and arab and one of the founders of the dramatic art, novel and short story in contemporary literature. tawfiq al-hakim had special attention to human a...

some logicians as avicenna, khaja nasir al-din tusi, and dabiran katebi believe that denotation (dilala) is dependent on volition (irada), and as long as there is no volition, there is no denotation. some others like qutb al-din razi completely reject this idea and maintain that denotation merely depends on “knowledge of designation” (al-ilm bi al-wad’). some of methodologicians of jurisprudenc...

deviation from the norm in al-sahifa al-sajjadiyah abstract literature deals with the arrangement and decoration of language with a beautiful form and an impressive message. foregrounding and deviation from the norm are the outcome of the manipulation of standard language in its phonology, semantics, lexis, syntax, and dialects, among other aspects. al-sahifa al-sajjadiyah is among the most val...

This paper begins a series studying D-modules on the Feigin-Frenkel semi-infinite flag variety from the perspective of the Beilinson-Drinfeld factorization (or chiral) theory. Here we calculate Whittaker-twisted cohomology groups of Zastava spaces, which are certain finite-dimensional subvarieties of the affine Grassmannian. We show that such cohomology groups realize the nilradical of a Borel ...

This paper analyzes how US presidential candidates should allocate resources across states to maximize the probability of winning the election, by developing and estimating a probabilisticvoting model of political competition under the Electoral College system. Actual campaigns act in close agreement with the model. There is a 0.9 correlation between equilibrium and actual presidential campaign...