Three full-length cDNA clones encoding the guinea pig A1 adenosine receptor have been isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and low-stringency hybridization screening of a guinea pig brain cDNA library. These three cDNAs, though differing in their 5' untranslated regions, contain the same open reading frame encoding a 326 amino acid residue protein with seven hydrophobic alpha-helices lon...

The behavioral profile of a range of adenosine receptor ligands was examined in rats using a locomotor activity model. Adenosine receptor agonists, including the selective A1 receptor agonist, N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and the A2A agonist, 2-[(2-aminoethylamino)carbonylethyl-phenylethylamino]- 5'-ethylcarboxa midoadenosine (APEC), reduced spontaneous motor activity in a dose-dependent manne...

PD81,723 {(2-amino-4,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-[3-(trifluromethyl)-phenyl]methanone} is a selective allosteric enhancer of the G(i)-coupled A1 AR (adenosine receptor) that is without effect on G(s)-coupled A2A ARs. PD81,723 elicits a decrease in the dissociation kinetics of A1 AR agonist radioligands and an increase in functional agonist potency. In the present study, we sought to determine whether...

introduction: in this study, the role of adenosine a1 receptors of hippocampal ca1 region neurons onentorhinal cortex kindled seizures was investigated. material and methods: a tripolar(stimulating and recording) electrode was implanted in entorhinalcortex and two guide cannulae were implanted in the ca1 region of the left and right hippocampi of allanimals. a week after surgery, animals were s...

Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI), a specific inhibitor of type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter, could regulate the extracellular adenosine concentration and have protective roles in seizures. However, the protection mechanism of NBTI in seizures remains poorly understood. Here, the expression pattern and subcellular distribution of adenosine A1 receptor were detected by Western blot analysi...

Presently, the physiological significance of myocardial adenosine A2a receptor stimulation is unclear. In this study, the influence of adenosine A2a receptor activation on A1 receptor-mediated antiadrenergic actions was studied using constant-flow perfused rat hearts and isolated rat ventricular myocytes. In isolated perfused hearts, the selective A2a receptor antagonists 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caff...

The antagonist affinity for a given receptor is traditionally considered to be constant, reflecting the chemical nature of the specific ligand-receptor interaction. However, recent observations with all three beta-adrenoceptors have cast doubt on this basic pharmacological principle. The extent to which this finding applies to other G protein-coupled receptors and their interaction with differe...

Dietary protein Fenneropenaeus merguiensis Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) Specific Growth rate (SGR)

Ghrelin, a potent orexigenic hormone released from the stomach, is important in regulating energy metabolism. Abnormal ghrelin levels are associated with eating disorders and metabolic diseases. However, factors involved in the regulation of ghrelin release remain unclear. Here we examined the involvement of adenosine signaling in the control of ghrelin release from the perfused mouse stomach. ...

Adenosine, a neuromodulator of the CNS, activates inhibitory-A1 receptors and facilitatory-A2A receptors; its synaptic levels are controlled by the activity of bi-directional equilibrative nucleoside transporters. To study the relationship between the extracellular formation/inactivation of adenosine and the activation of adenosine receptors, we investigated how A1 and A2A receptor activation m...