background: rna molecules play many important regulatory, catalytic and structuralroles in the cell, and rna secondary structure prediction with pseudoknots is one themost important problems in biology. an rna pseudoknot is an element of the rna secondary structure in which bases of a single-stranded loop pair with complementary basesoutside the loop. modeling these nested structures (pseudokno...

in this paper, an efficient and comprehensive hybrid intelligent technique for the optimal placement of phasor measurement units (pmus) is proposed to minimize the number of pmu installation subjected to full network observability. three main purposes of pmus output synchronous measurements are monitoring, control, and protection of power system. we have combined binary imperialistic competitio...

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are driven by two energy convertors, i.e., an Internal Combustion (IC) engine and an electric machine. To make powertrain of HEV as efficient as possible, proper management of the energy elements is essential. This task is completed by HEV controller, which splits power between the IC engine and Electric Motor (EM). In this paper, a Genetic-Fuzzy control strategy...

abstract: in this paper, a method for determination of refractive index in membrane of fuel cell on basis of three-longitudinal-mode laser heterodyne interferometer is presented. the optical path difference between the target and reference paths is fixed and phase shift is then calculated in terms of refractive index shift. the measurement accuracy of this system is limited by nonlinearity erro...

Let a graph G = (V;E) be given. In the path center problem we want to find a path P in G such that the maximum weighted distance of P to every vertex in V is minimized. In this paper a genetic algorithm and ahybrid of genetic and ant colony algorithms are presented for the path center problem. Some test problems are examined to compare the algorithms. The results show that for almost all exampl...

Reactive power dispatch for voltage profile modification has been of interest Abstract to powerr utilities. Usually local bus voltages can be altered by changing generator voltages, reactive shunts, ULTC transformers and SVCs. Determination of optimum values for control parameters, however, is not simple for modern power system networks. Heuristic and rather intelligent algorithms have to be so...

there are many indices for measuring property rights (pr) security. they may be classified into two groups: subjective proxies and objective proxies. most of the proxies are subjective. one contribution of this paper is introducing a new approach for measuring government expenditures devoted to pr protection. calculating physical capital within the introduced new approach is another contributio...