This study examines how the gender of CEOs affects internal controls over financial reporting. According to upper echelon theory, managers’ demographics can determine choices strategies. Prior literature documents characteristics relevant controls, such as CEO’s age, entrenchment (Lin, Wang, Chiou, & Huang, 2014), and experience (Oradi, Asiaei, Rezaee, 2020); however, impact on has not been...

To obtain preliminary data on the drug supply management system in Ethiopia, selected facilities were assessed for the availability of essential drugs and commodities for malaria, TB and HIV. Of the 48 surveyed hospitals and health centers, 9 (19%), 9 (19%), and 10 (21%) did not have malaria, TB, or HIV drugs, respectively. Similarly, of 27 health posts, 9 (33%) and 6 (22%) did not have rapid d...

Song [8] proposed very recently a password-based authentication and key establishment protocol using smart cards which attempts to solve some weaknesses found in a previous scheme suggested by Xu, Zhu, and Feng [9]. In this paper, we present attacks on the improved protocol, showing that it fails to achieve the claimed security goals.

Synchronous stream cipher HENKOS is proposed by Marius Oliver Gheorghit to eprint for analyzing the algorithm by cryptologic community. At the first look of HENKOS, it can be observed that a 256 byte secret key is an undesirable quality of the algorithm. Also, the algorithm is not efficient in case of streaming data that has to encrypt instantaneously, this is because the algorithm generates a ...

We investigate known security flaws in the context of security ceremonies to gain an understanding of the ceremony analysis process. The term security ceremonies is used to describe a system of protocols and humans which interact for a specific purpose. Security ceremonies and ceremony analysis is an area of research in its infancy, and we explore the basic principles involved to better underst...

Platt’s 1964 paper “Strong Inference” (SI), published in Science, has had considerable influence upon the conception of the nature of the scientific method held in both the social and physical sciences. Platt suggests that a four-step method of specifying hypotheses and conducting critical experiments that systematically eliminate alternatives has been responsible for progress in the history of...

Each country of the world has its own health care system to follow, Pakistan followed healthcare designed by British rulers since 1947. Primary healthcare, Secondary Healthcare and tertiary are major parts defined that been practiced across country. always participated encouraged promotion delivery participating in Millennium Development Goal (MDG) program, encouraging public private partnershi...