The capsid (CA) protein, the major structural component of retroviruses, forms a shell that encases the ribonucleoprotein complex in the virion core. The most conserved region of CA, approximately 20 amino acids of the major homology region (MHR), lies within the carboxy-terminal domain of the protein. Structural and sequence similarities among CA proteins of retroviruses and the CA-like protei...

BACKGROUND The thin outside fat inside (TOFI) phenotype, an obesity expression, is recognized by a high amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) despite average anthropometric measurements such as normal body mass index (BMI). High VAT considerable risk metabolic syndrome. As beneficial intervention, exercise training can decrease amount. This review aimed to investigate efficiency on in individ...

Identifying field measures to estimate backpack load-carriage work intensity in elite soldiers is of interest to the military. This study developed rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate models to define metabolic workload for a backpack load-carriage task valid for a population of elite soldiers using serial data. Male soldiers (n = 18) from the British Parachute or Special Air Serv...

Assembly of the HIV and other retroviruses is primarily driven by the oligomerization of the Gag polyprotein, the major viral structural protein capable of forming virus-like particles even in the absence of all other virally encoded components. Several critical determinants of Gag oligomerization are located in the C-terminal domain of the capsid protein (CA-CTD), which encompasses the most co...

The prevalence of exercise induced asthma (EIA) in Iran is not known. In the present study the prevalence of EIA among female students of guidance school in the city of Mashhad was evaluated. A total of 1690 female students aged 12-14 years in ten randomly selected schools in north east of Iran (Mashhad) completed an asthma symptoms- specific questionnaire. One hundred forty four randomly selec...

BACKGROUND Physical activity influences energy metabolism in human subjects by increasing activity-induced energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate for several hours after exercise. Effects of exercise on circulating thyroid hormone values remain controversial. We have investigated the effect of acute aerobic exercise on thyroid hormone values. MATERIALS/METHODS The effect of different i...

OBJECTIVE To examine variation in the duration of non-work-related sickness absence (NWRSA) across geographical areas and the degree to which this variation can be explained by individual and/or contextual factors. METHODS All first NWRSA episodes ending in 2007 and 2010 were analyzed. Individual (diagnosis, age, sex) and contextual factors (healthcare resources, socioeconomic factors) were a...

BACKGROUND: Physical fitness depends on hematological parameters such as red blood cells and hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is needed in adequate quantities trained athletes, especially endurance sports. The effects of antioxidant supplementation are not yet fully known whether the body’s natural antioxidants that act a defense system can overcome increase free radicals during physical exercise or addi...