where As3 is the Laplace-Beltrami operator on B' . Let 0* C (0, 7r) be the radius o r B ' , i.e., the geodesic distance of the North pole to OBq The values 0 < 0* < 7r/2 correspond to a spherical cap contained in the Northern hemisphere, 0* -7r/2 corresponds to B ~ being the Northern hemisphere and the values rr/2 < 0* < ~c correspond to a spherical cap which covers the Northern hemisphere. Fin...

Interleukin 7 (IL-7) stimulates the proliferation of B cell progenitors, thymocytes, and mature T cells through an interaction with a high affinity receptor (IL-7R) belonging to the hematopoietin receptor superfamily. We have further addressed the role of IL-7 and its receptor during B and T cell development by generating mice genetically deficient in IL-7R. Mutant mice display a profound reduc...

Variable sensitivity to T-cell-receptor (TCR)and IL-7-receptor (IL-7R)-mediated homeostatic signals among naı̈ve T cells has thus far been largely attributed to differences in TCR specificity. We show here that even when withdrawn from self-peptideinduced TCR stimulation, CD8+ T cells exhibit heterogeneous responses to interleukin-7 (IL-7) that are mechanistically associated with IL-7R expressio...

The methanolic extract of the whole plant of Echium glomeratum Poir. (Boraginaceae) has afforded five pyrrolizidine alkaloids, three that were (7S, 8R)-petranine (1), (7S, 8S)-petranine (2), and (7R, 8R)-petranine (3a) or (7R, 8S)-petranine (3b), comprising a tricyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids subclass; and two that were known but to the species: 7-angeloylretronecine (4) and 9-angeloylretroneci...

Mice that lack a functional gamma c subunit of the receptors for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 display profound defects in lymphoid development. The IL-7/IL-7R system represents a critical interaction for conventional T and B cell development. In this report, the role of IL-7R alpha in the development of lymphoid lineages other than conventional T and B cells was examined. We ...

We previously showed a suppressive effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on T cell cycling and expansion as well as a paradoxical effect on IL-2 levels (upregulating) and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)α expression (downregulating). Thus, in the current study, we tested the hypothesis that EGCG affects T cell responses via impairing the IL-2/IL-2R signaling. We found that EGCG inhibited anti-CD3/CD...

Three aromatic sesquiterpene derivatives, (+)-(7R, 10S)-2-methoxy calamenene (1), (+)-(7R, 10S)-2,5-dimethoxy calamenene (2) and (+)-(7R, 10S)-2-methoxy-5-acetoxy calamenene (3) were isolated from the methanol extract of the Indian gorgonian Subergorgia reticulata. Compound 2 has not been previously described in the literature. Compound 3 has not been isolated previously from a natural source. ...

In this paper we discuss the problem of finding the treewidth and pathwidth of permutation graphs. If G[7r] is a permutation graph with treewidth k, then we show that the pathwidth of G[7r] is at most 2k, and we give an algorithm which constructs a path-decomposition with width at most 2k in time O( nk). We assume that the permutation 7r is given. For permutation graphs of which the treewidth i...

The IL-7R plays critical roles in lymphocyte development and homeostasis. Although IL-7R expression is strictly regulated during lymphocyte differentiation and the immune response, little is known regarding its in vivo regulation. To address this issue, we established a mouse line with targeted deletion of the conserved non-coding sequence 1 (CNS1) element found 3.6 kb upstream of the IL-7Rα pr...

Interleukin-7 receptor α (IL7R) is required for normal lymphoid development. Loss-of-function mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive severe combined immune deficiency. Here, we describe somatic gain-of-function mutations in IL7R in pediatric B and T acute lymphoblastic leukemias. The mutations cause either a serine-to-cysteine substitution at amino acid 185 in the extracellular domain...