Background: Melasma is a brown or grayish brown symmetrical facial hyperpigmentation.A number of medicamens can be used for the treatment of this condition. For better results in treating melasma, combination therapy is preferred. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of azelaic acid 20% plus hydroquinone 5% versus hydroquinone 5% alone in the manageme...

purpose: to compare the efficacy and safety of topical mitomycin-c (mmc) drops versus subconjunctival 5-fluourouracil (5-fu) injections for management of early bleb failure after trabeculectomy or combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation (pt+pciol). methods: in a comparative study, 37 eyes of 37 patients with impending early bleb failu...

Abstract: Renal abscesses are rare in childhood. They have vague manifestations and  any delay in proper diagnosis and treatment could lead to morbidity and mortality. We present a 5 year old girl with multiple renal abscesses after pyelonephritis that lead to total nephrectomy due to multiple drug resistance.  The renal abscess may have subtle symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment strongly...