In humans, the ratio of the second digit to the fourth digit — the 2D:4D ratio — is a sexually dimorphic trait (men, on average, exhibit lower 2D:4D ratios than do women) that is influenced by prenatal testosterone exposure, but not by circulating testosterone levels in adulthood. Consequently, 2D:4D ratios are commonly used as indirect measures of prenatal testosterone exposure. Many studies h...

The low ratio of second-to-fourth digit length (2D:4D) of parents, a putative indicator of high prenatal and even adult testosterone levels, has been suggested to predict a male-biased secondary offspring sex ratio. We investigated this question in 244 contemporary postreproductive Finnish women. Information on the lifetime offspring birth sex ratio of women was collected by questionnaires and ...

A recently discovered relation between 4D and 5D black holes is used to derive exact (weighted) BPS black hole degeneracies for 4D N = 8 string theory from the exactly known 5D degeneracies. A direct 4D microscopic derivation in terms of weighted 4D D-brane bound state degeneracies is sketched and found to agree.

It has been suggested that achievement in sports is correlated with a putative measure of prenatal testosterone the 2nd to 4th digit ratio (2D:4D). It has been shown that digit ratio (2D:4D) is negatively associated with prenatal testosterone, and it is also negatively associated with ability in sports. This study examined associations between 2D:4D and performance of both male and female Natio...

The steroid environment encountered by a foetus can strongly affect its post-natal physiology and behaviour. It has been proposed that steroid concentrations experienced in utero could be estimated from adults by measuring their second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D). However, there is still little direct evidence that intra-uterine steroid levels affect individual 2D:4D. We examined wheth...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 4D-CT is a novel method of multiphase CT imaging. When used to localize parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasia, this technique may allow for more robust diagnostic accuracy than traditional sonography and nuclear scintigraphy techniques. The purpose of our study is to assess the accuracy of 4D-CT for localizing pathologically proved parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasia foun...

PURPOSE To develop a realistic yet flexible 4D digital phantom based on patient anatomy for dynamic estimation of organ doses due to external ionizing radiation. METHODS In this work, we propose to build a 4D digital phantom based on patient CT anatomy and time-tagged CT information. A regional 4D-CT is first acquired on the patient around lesion with a RPM system. By binning CT information a...

BACKGROUND The association between index finger to ring finger length ratio (2D:4D) and cardiac disorders has been reported, however it has not been discussed in terms of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated whether 2D:4D could be used as a marker for predisposition to CAD as assessed by coronary angiography in Chinese men and women. METHODS This study included 1764 persons divided ...

See Teresa dc Lauretis, 'Aesthetic and Feminist Theory: Rethinking Women's Cinema', New German Critique 34, Winter 1985, pp 154-175. Madame X, a harsh, pitiless beauty, the cruel, uncrowned ruler of the China Seas, launched an appeal to all women willing to exchange an everyday existence of almost unbearable boredom, though safe and easy, for a world of uncertainty and danger, but also full of ...

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4D (eIF-4D) is the only protein known to contain the amino acid, hypusine [N“(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine]. This unusual amino acid is formed post-translationally by modification of a single specific lysine residue in an eIF-4D precursor protein. Two separate eIF-4D precursors, each of which contains a lysine residue in place of the hypusine residue an...