within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...

abstract the following study, in the first place, attempted to examine the effect of less experienced teachers participation in experienced teachers classes on their own skills and teaching methodology, in the second place, attempted to find out the role of teachers training in students achievements. for this purpose, 21 efl teachers were selected according to available sampling in kish l...

simplification universal as a universal feature of translation means translated texts tend to use simpler language than original texts in the same language and it can be critically investigated through common concepts: type/token ratio, lexical density, and mean sentence length. although steps have been taken to test this hypothesis in various text types in different linguistic communities, in ...

terms of address as an important linguistics items provide valuable information about the interlocutors, their relationship and their circumstances. this study was done to investigate the change route of persian address terms in the two recent centuries including three historical periods of qajar, pahlavi and after the islamic revolution. data were extracted from a corpus consisting 24 novels w...

vocabulary as a major component of language learning has been the object of numerous studies each of which has its own contribution to the field. finding the best way of learning the words deeply and extensively is the common objective of most of those studies. however, one effective way for achieving this goal is somehow neglected in the field. using a variety of activities such as games can r...

این تحقیق به‌منظور جایگزینی آرد ماهی با سطوح مختلف کنجاله کانولا و تأثیر آن بر عملکرد رشد، بقا و ترکیب شیمیایی لاشه تاسماهی سیبری (Acipenser baerii Brandt) انجام گرفت. پنج جیره غذایی دارای پروتئین یکسان (45 درصد) و انرژی یکسان (53/18 کیلوژول بر گرم) فرموله شد. تیمار 1 به‌عنوان تیمار شاهد و بدون کنجاله کانولا و در تیمار‌های 2 (10C)، 3 (20C)، 4 (30C) و 5 (40C) به‌ترتیب 10، 20، 30 و 40 درصد کنجاله...

teachers beliefs have usually been left unattended in the realm of educational research in iranian context. one of those beliefs which seems to impact teachers performance in the classroom is their sense of self-efficacy, which refers to teachers belief in their ability to enhance student achievement and in bringing about positive learning outcomes. the present study aimed to investigate the pr...