) A)primary)defect)leading)to)the)development)of)type)2)diabetes)is)insulin)resistance)of)the) glucose)transport)system)in)skeletal)muscle.))One)factor)known)to)induce)insulin)resistance)is) oxidative)stress.))A)by>product)of)lipid)peroxidation)is)the)reactive)aldehyde)4>hydroxynonenal)(4> HNE),)an)oxidant)that)induces)a)number)of)deleterious)consequences)on)cell)function.))However,)the) impact...

Oxidative damage is one of the hallmarks of the aging process. The current study evaluated effects of two proprietary antioxidant-based ingredients, rosemary extract and spearmint extract containing carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, respectively, on learning and memory in the SAMP8 mouse model of accelerated aging. The two rosemary extracts contained carnosic acid (60% or 10% carnosic acid) an...

A major end product of lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), is an electrophilic alkenal and produces Michael adducts with cellular proteins. It is known that exposure of cultured cells to HNE causes rapid disappearance of microtubule networks. In this study we addressed the mechanism. Immunochemical studies revealed that HNE preferentially modified alpha-tubulin in rat primary neurona...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to establish the alterations of oxidative stress-related markers in keratoconus (KC) corneas. METHODS A total of 6 healthy and 11 ectatic corneas (7 KC and 4 post-LASIK) were studied. Different oxidative stress-related markers were determined to assess their implication in the KC pathophysiology. Total antioxidant capacity and total nitrites present in th...

The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4-HNE) is cytotoxic and genotoxic at superphysiological concentrations. To characterize the mechanism of action of 4-HNE, we assessed genotoxic damage by 4-HNE and by 4-HNE triacetate [4-HNE(Ac)(3)] using the mouse lymphoma assay that measures the mutant frequency in the Tk gene. As a strong electrophile, 4-HNE reacts readily with nucleophilic...