Recently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in Korean subjects identified four CTNNA3 (alpha-T catenin) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs10762058, rs7088181, rs1786929, and rs4378283) associated with diisocyanate-induced occupational asthma (DA). The CTNNA3 gene codes for a cadherin involved in formation of stretch-resistant cell-cell adhesions. We conducted a candidate ...

This work was undertaken to investigate the usefulness of diisocyanate-related protein adducts in blood samples as biomarkers of occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI; 2,4- and 2,6-isomers) and 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Quantification of adducts as toluene diamines (TDAs) and methylenedianiline (MDA) was performed on perfluoroacylated derivatives by gas chromatogra...

The aim of this study was to investigate the modulation of an asthmatic response by titanium dioxide (TiO₂) or gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) in a murine model of diisocyanate-induced asthma. On days 1 and 8, BALB/c mice received 0.3% toluene diisocyanate (TDI) or the vehicle acetone-olive oil (AOO) on the dorsum of both ears (20 μL). On day 14, the mice were oropharyngeally dosed with 40 μL of ...

We have demonstrated the layer-by-layer growth, via a urea coupling reaction between two bifunctional molecules, ethylenediamine and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, to form an ultrathin film on Ge(100)-2 x 1 at room temperature under vacuum conditions. The initial adsorption and subsequent growth of each layer was studied with multiple internal reflection Fourier transform infrared (MIR-FTIR) spect...

Biocompatible poly(iohexol) nanoparticles, prepared through cross-linking of iohexol and hexamethylene diisocyanate followed by coprecipitation of the resulting cross-linked polymer with mPEG-polylactide, were utilized as contrast agents for in vivo X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging. Compared to conventional small-molecule contrast agents, poly(iohexol) nanoparticles exhibited substantiall...

A series of 2,6-disubstituted pyridine derivatives were prepared from 2,6-diacetylpyridine or 2,6dicarbonyl pyridine dichloride as starting materials. Reaction of 2,6-diacetylpyridine 1 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride or different aromatic aldehydes afforded the corresponding 2,6-diacetylpyridine dioxime and 2,6-bis-[β -(2-thienyl)acryloyl]pyridine derivatives 2 and 3, respectively. Additional...

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine the levels of 2,4-toluenediamine, 2,6-toluenediamine, 1,5-naphthtalenediamine and 4,4'-methylenediphenyldianiline in hydrolyzed urine and plasma for occupationally unexposed workers and to calculate upper reference limits (URLs). These analytes are biomarkers of exposure to 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI a...

The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is used to test the potential of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds to induce sensitization via the skin. In the present study, a respiratory LLNA was developed. Male BALB/c mice were exposed head/nose-only during three consecutive days for 45, 90, 180, or 360 min/day to various LMW allergens. Ear application (skin LLNA) was used as a positive control. Negati...

Hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes have been synthesized using polyethylene glycol, hexamethylene diisocyanate and cetyl alcohol. These types of thickeners are categorized as nonionic associative thickeners. The HEURs were prepared in two steps. Initially an ethoxylated urethane prepolymer was synthesized through a reaction between a polyethylene glycol (Mn=6000) and hexamethylene d...

The removal of four parabens, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and benzyl-paraben, by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer from aqueous solution was studied. Different β-CD polymers were prepared by using two cross-linkers, i.e., hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) and toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (TDI), with various molar ratios of cross-linker. β-CD-HMDI polymer with molar ratio of 1:7 and β-CD-TDI polymer with ...