Business English, as we know it today, is a part of the field English for Specific Purposes, having two distinct areas: General Purposes and Purposes. Both these areas are facing rapid growth, with an increasing demand teaching materials improvement. Nowadays teachers face challenge developing not only general speech habits their students but also rhetoric skills in order negotiations to be eff...

This paper discusses a decision support system for airline and railway crew planning. The system is a state-of-the-art branch-and-price solver that is used for crew scheduling and crew rostering. We briefly discuss the mathematical background of the solver, of which most part is covered in the Operations Research literature. Crew scheduling is crew planning for one or a few days that results in...

A secondary effect of China’s economic transition will be increased demand for management personnel, particularly those with a strong appreciation of managing in a market-based economy. Traditional Chinese management approaches have been primarily shaped by experience under a centrally planned economy. We argue this has led to a lack of understanding of market-oriented management approaches. As...

there has been extensive debates about the similarities and differences between urban planning educations in developed versus developing counties. some believe that increasing interdependence among nations, an ever greater need for cross – cultural cooperation,  is required to close the gap in skill and knowledge between developed and developing countries and shrinking international borders mak...

preset study is conducted to evaluate strategic alignment between business and it in the view of organizational managers. present study has used luftman’s model on strategic alignment maturity and gartlen & shenks’ factors to promote alignment in order to evaluate alignment. research statistical population consists of managers at high education planning and research institute. no sampling is co...

Psychiatry programs are facing significant business and financial challenges. This paper provides an overview of these management challenges in five areas: departmental, hospital, payment system, general finance, and policy. Psychiatric leaders will require skills in a variety of business management areas to ensure their program success. Many programs will need to develop new compensation model...

Complex information systems traditionally were functionally structured having clear purpose in mind and the requirements were also stable. But now day’s changes occur seldom, that’s why it is require having organizations that must be flexible, adaptive as well as dynamic too. Today many enterprises are aligned together to share their skills, core competencies in order to better respond to busin...