conclusions according to the results, the polymorphisms within the +49 position of ctla-4 can be associated with vl and may be considered as risk factors for the disease. results our results indicated that both ctla-4 +49a/g polymorphisms were significantly associated with vl. materials and methods in this cross-sectional study, 88 patients with clinical presentations of vl, who were seropositi...

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae is the main causal pathogen of bovine mastitis (BM), causing considerable economic loss to the dairy industry worldwide. Vaccines against S. agalactiae play an important role in preventing disease. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoprotection of S. agalactiae pilus isla...

The stability of cryptococcal antigen from Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A and D strains at different temperatures in serum and other solvents was studied. Samples stored at -20 or 4 degrees C had equivalent stabilities as measured by the Premier Cryptococcal Antigen kit and the Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System (CALAS) kit. However, using the Premier Cryptococcal Antigen kit, ...

Background: Cationic immune stimulating complexes (PLUSCOMs) are particulate antigen delivery systems. PLUSCOMs consist of cationic immunostimulatory complexes (ISCOMs) derivatives and are able to elicit in vivo T cell responses against an antigen. Objective: To evaluate the effects of PLUSCOMs containing Leishmaniamajor antigens (SLA) on the type of immune response generated in the murine mod...

The importance of the B7/CD28/CTLA-4 molecules has been established in studies of antigenpresenting cell-derived B7 and its interaction with the T cell costimulatory molecule CD28. CTLA-4, a T cell surface glycoprotein that is related to CD28, can also interact with B7-1 and B7-2. However, less is known about the function of CTLA-4, which is expressed at highest levels after activation. We have...

The importance of the B7/CD28/CTLA-4 molecules has been established in studies of antigen-presenting cell-derived B7 and its interaction with the T cell costimulatory molecule CD28. CTLA-4, a T cell surface glycoprotein that is related to CD28, can also interact with B7-1 and B7-2. However, less is known about the function of CTLA-4, which is expressed at highest levels after activation. We hav...