Remote 3D virtual reality systems for visualizing fossils and ores are a kind of efficient tools to facilitate communication and research in geology and palaeontology community. During the visualization procedure, we must keep not only the geometrical data but also the surface textures and color information. They are very important for the specialists to analyse the forming time and environment...

Traditional planning method for orthognathic surgery has limitations of cephalometric analysis, especially for patients with asymmetry. The aim of this study was to assess surgical plan modification after 3-demensional (3D) simulation. The procedures were to perform traditional surgical planning, construction of 3D model for the initial surgical plan (P1), 3D model of altered surgical plan afte...

Background A precise understanding of the anatomical structures of the heart and great vessels is essential for surgical planning in order to avoid unexpected findings. Rapid prototyping techniques are used to print three-dimensional (3D) replicas of patients’ cardiovascular anatomy based on 3D clinical images such as MRI. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of 3D patient-specific c...

In recent years, the sophistication and complexity of clinical treatment planning and treatment planning systems has increased significantly, particularly including three-dimensional (3D) treatment planning systems, and the use of conformal treatment planning and delivery techniques. This has led to the need for a comprehensive set of quality assurance (QA) guidelines that can be applied to cli...

This study sought to evaluate the differential effects of bladder distention on point A-based (AICBT) and three-dimensional conformal intracavitary brachytherapy (3D-ICBT) planning for cervical cancer. Two sets of CT scans were obtained for ten patients to evaluate the effect of bladder distention. After the first CT scan, with an empty bladder, a second set of CT scans was obtained with the bl...

OBJECTIVES To compare a standard sequential 2D Planning Method (2D-PM) with a 3D offline Planning Method (3D-PM) based on 3D contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). DESIGN In 14 children with complex CHD (mean: 2.6 years, range: 3 months to 7.6 years), axial and coronal cuts were obtained with single slice spin echo sequences ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to compare dosimetric parameters of intensity-modulated mode of TomoDirect and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in patients with early breast cancer. METHODS TomoDirect and 3D-CRT planning were carried out for 26 patients with early breast cancer who had received breast-conserving surgery. A total of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions were prescribed...

The purpose of this study is to assess the difference between 4D liver dose calculations versus standard 3D treatment planning and to investigate the dosimetric gain of gating on radiation dose to normal tissue. 4DCT scans are collected for 25 patients with hepatic tumors treated by proton radiotherapy. The 4D treatment planning process explicitly takes into account respiratory motion of abdomi...

Computer advances in recent decades have contributed to the emergence of three dimensional (3D) urban simulation, which studies urban environments based on virtual models of physical reality. This article discusses methods of 3D urban simulation for urban planning and design in order to understand their potential, capabilities, limitations and concerns about the validity of simulation outcome. ...

In corrective osteotomy of the radius, detailed preoperative planning is essential to optimising functional outcome. However, complex malunions are not completely addressed with conventional preoperative planning. Computer-assisted preoperative planning may optimise the results of corrective osteotomy of the radius. We analysed the pre- and postoperative radiological result of computer-assisted...